Abstract
Human pluripotent cells (hPSCs) are known for their capability of differentiating into cell types representative of the three embryonic germ layers. The pluripotency of both mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) was demonstrated by their capability of contributing to tissue development, including germ cells, after injection into embryos during chimera formation. However, for ethical reasons, this ultimate test of pluripotency cannot be used for hPSCs. Thus, teratoma formation remains one of the most powerful assays for testing hPSC differentiation capabilities. After their injection into several sites in vivo, such as the hindlimb muscle and under the kidney or testis capsule, of severe combined immune deficient (SCID) mice, iPSCs form nonmalignant tumors that contain differentiated cells and tissue formation. In some cases, combinations of cells originating from different germ layers are formed within these teratoma tissues. This chapter focuses on teratoma formation and the tissues that can be indentified within them.
Keywords
- Pluripotent Stem Cell
- Mature Teratoma
- Severe Combine Immune Deficient
- Teratoma Formation
- Tissue Representative
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Blum B, Benvenisty N (2007) Clonal analysis of human embryonic stem cell differentiation into teratomas. Stem Cells 25:1924–1930
Blum B, Benvenisty N (2008) The tumorigenicity of human embryonic stem cells. Adv Cancer Res 100:133–158
Blum B, Benvenisty N (2009) The tumorigenicity of diploid and aneuploid human pluripotent stem cells. Cell Cycle 8:3822–3830
Blum B, Bar-Nur O, Golan-Lev T, Benvenisty N (2009) The anti-apoptotic gene survivin contributes to teratoma formation by human embryonic stem cells. Nat Biotechnol 27:281–287
Bradley A, Evans M, Kaufman MH, Robertson E (1984) Formation of germ-line chimaeras from embryo-derived teratocarcinoma cell lines. Nature 309:255–256
Doetschman TC, Eistetter H, Katz M, Schmidt W, Kemler R (1985) The in vitro development of blastocyst-derived embryonic stem cell lines: formation of visceral yolk sac, blood islands and myocardium. J Embryol Exp Morphol 87:27–45
Fong CY, Gauthaman K, Bongso A (2010) Teratomas from pluripotent stem cells: a clinical hurdle. Cell Biochem 111:769–781
Lee AS, Tang C, Cao F, Xie X, van der Bogt K, Hwang A, Connolly AJ, Robbins RC, Wu JC (2009) Effects of cell number on teratoma formation by human embryonic stem cells. Cell Cycle 8:2608–2612
Meissner A, Wernig M, Jaenisch R (2007) Direct reprogramming of genetically unmodified fibroblasts into pluripotent stem cells. Nat Biotechnol 25:1177–1181
Nagy A, Rossant J, Nagy R, Abramow-Newerly W, Roder JC (1993) Derivation of completely cell culture-derived mice from early-passage embryonic stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90:8424–8428
Prokhorova TA, Harkness LM, Frandsen U, Ditzel N, Schrøder HD, Burns JS, Kassem M (2009) Teratoma formation by human embryonic stem cells is site dependent and enhanced by the presence of Matrigel. Stem Cells Dev 18:47–54
Takahashi K, Yamanaka S (2006) Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors. Cell 126:663–676
Wobus AM, Holzhausen H, Jakel P, Schoneich J (1984) Characterization of pluripotent stem cell line derived from mouse embryo. Exp Cell Res 152:212–219
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Amit, M., Itskovitz-Eldor, J. (2012). Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells In Vivo: Teratoma Formation. In: Amit, M., Itskovitz-Eldor, J. (eds) Atlas of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-548-0_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-548-0_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ
Print ISBN: 978-1-61779-547-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-61779-548-0
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)