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Engineering Functional Cartilage Grafts

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Book cover Tissue Engineering in Regenerative Medicine

Part of the book series: Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine ((STEMCELL))

Abstract

Articular cartilage is the specialized connective tissue that covers diarthrodial joints (e.g., hip, knee, and shoulder) and serves a load-bearing and lubrication function. As the tissue is avascular, it exhibits a poor healing capacity when injured. Joint arthroplasty, comprised of metal and plastic prostheses, has a limited lifespan after implantation and are ideally reserved for cases of significant traumatic injury and pervasive arthritis. As such, there have been significant efforts to develop cell-based strategies for cartilage repair. Accordingly, there is great anticipation regarding the role that stem cells can serve as a cell source for generating functional articular cartilage grafts. There is a need for both the use of animal cells and models as well as parallel development using human cells to successfully translate these strategies to the clinic.

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Abbreviations

BMSC:

Bone marrow-derived stem cell

CAD:

Computer-aided design

CZ:

Calcified cartilage zone

DZ:

Deep zone

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

FGF:

Fibroblast growth factor

GAG:

Glycosaminoglycan

hESC:

Human embryonic stem cell

IGF:

Insulin-like growth factor

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

MZ:

Middle zone

OA:

Osteoarthritis

PG:

Proteoglycan

SZ:

Superficial zone

TGF:

Transforming growth factor

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Acknowledgment

The authors gratefully acknowledge research support of the work described in this chapter (NIH grants AR46568, AR52871, and AR060361).

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  1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA

    Andrea R. Tan & Clark T. Hung

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  1. Andrea R. Tan
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Correspondence to Clark T. Hung .

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  1. Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerat, Department of Pediatrics, UCSF, Cardiovascular Research Institute, 513 Parnassus Avenue HSE 1422, San Francisco, 94143, USA

    Harold S. Bernstein

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Tan, A.R., Hung, C.T. (2011). Engineering Functional Cartilage Grafts. In: Bernstein, H. (eds) Tissue Engineering in Regenerative Medicine. Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-322-6_13

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