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Engineering Functional Bone Grafts

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Tissue Engineering in Regenerative Medicine

Part of the book series: Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine ((STEMCELL))

Abstract

There is a strong medical need for biological tissue grafts that could reestablish the structure and function of bone lost to a major injury or disease. Routinely used prosthetic devices are most helpful in providing the necessary structure and mechanical support, but these devices often fail to fully integrate with the host tissues, and generally do not last longer than about 10 years. In addition, the important metabolic function of bone most certainly cannot be provided by prosthetic devices. Tissue engineering is now offering a potential to grow fully biological substitutes of native tissues, by an integrated use of living cells, biomaterial scaffolds, and culture systems (bioreactors). Today, tissue engineering modalities are designed based on the biological requirements and clinical constraints, and the progress is largely made at the interfaces between bioengineering, basic, and clinical sciences. This chapter is discussing the design criteria and parameters essential for engineering bone grafts, as well as the current status and future perspective of the field.

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Abbreviations

BMP:

Bone morphogenetic protein

FGF:

Fibroblast growth factor

GM-CSF:

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor

IGF:

Insulin-like growth factor

Ihh:

Indian Hedgehog

IL:

Interleukin

M-CSF:

Macrophage colony-stimulating factor

MSC:

Mesenchymal stem cell

PDGF:

Platelet-derived growth factor

PTHrP:

Parathyroid hormone-related peptide

TGF-β:

Transforming growth factor-β

TMJ:

Temporomandibular joint

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

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Acknowledgment

The authors gratefully acknowledge research support of the work described in this chapter (NIH grants DE016525, EB002520 and EB011869 and NYSCF grant CU09-3055).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA

    Sarindr Bhumiratana & Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic

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  1. Sarindr Bhumiratana
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  2. Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
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Correspondence to Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic .

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  1. Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerat, Department of Pediatrics, UCSF, Cardiovascular Research Institute, 513 Parnassus Avenue HSE 1422, San Francisco, 94143, USA

    Harold S. Bernstein

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Bhumiratana, S., Vunjak-Novakovic, G. (2011). Engineering Functional Bone Grafts. In: Bernstein, H. (eds) Tissue Engineering in Regenerative Medicine. Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-322-6_12

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