Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common form of cancer and the second cause of cancer-related death in the Western world. Despite advances in diagnosis, surgery, and new targeted agents for CRC, only a modest improvement in mortality has occurred for advanced disease. A growing body of evidence supports the idea that human cancers arise from a rare population of cells with stem cell-like properties which would be the pathological counterpart of the normal epithelial stem cell. These “cancer stem cells” (CSCs), firstly identified in hematologic malignancies, have been recently isolated in several solid tumors including CRC. The hypothesis that only a subset of cells drives tumor formation in CRC raises questions as to whether current therapies are able to efficiently eradicate the CSC population. This chapter will discuss different aspects of stem cell biology in the context of CRC that may contribute to understanding the mechanisms responsible for tumor development and therapy resistance.
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Abbreviations
- ALDH1:
-
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1
- APC:
-
Adenomatous polyposis coli
- Ascl2:
-
Achaete scute-like 2
- bHLH:
-
Basic helix-loop-helix
- BMP:
-
Bone morphogenetic protein
- BMPR:
-
Bone morphogenetic protein receptor
- CBC:
-
Crypt base columnar cells
- CD:
-
Cluster of differentiation
- CK20:
-
Cytokeratin 20
- COX:
-
Cytochrome C oxidase
- CRC:
-
Colorectal cancer
- CSC:
-
Cancer stem cell
- EGF:
-
Epidermal growth factor
- EGFR:
-
Epidermal growth factor receptor
- EpCAM:
-
Epithelial cell adhesion molecule
- EphB:
-
Ephrin B receptor
- ESA:
-
Epithelial surface antigen
- FAP:
-
Familial adenomatous polyposis
- GFP:
-
Green fluorescent protein
- HNPCC:
-
Hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer
- IL-4:
-
Interleukin-4
- JPS:
-
Juvenile polyposis syndrome
- MLH1:
-
MutL homolog 1
- mPAS:
-
Mild periodic acid-Schiff reagent staining
- Msi-1:
-
Musashi-1
- NOD/SCID:
-
Non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency
- OAT:
-
O-acetyl transferase
- OLFM4:
-
Olfactomedin-4
- PDK1:
-
Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1
- PI3K:
-
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
- PIP2 :
-
Phosphatidylinositol biphosphate
- PIP3 :
-
Phosphatidylinositol triphosphate
- PTEN:
-
Phosphatase and tensin homolog
- RBP-J:
-
Recombination signal-binding protein 1 for J-kappa
- SC:
-
Stem cell
- VEGF:
-
Vascular endothelial growth factor
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Biffoni, M., Fabrizi, E., Ricci-Vitiani, L. (2011). Cancer Stem Cells in Colorectal Cancer. In: Allan, A. (eds) Cancer Stem Cells in Solid Tumors. Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-246-5_4
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