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Cancer Stem Cells and Disease Prognosis

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Cancer Stem Cells in Solid Tumors

Part of the book series: Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine ((STEMCELL))

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Abstract

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent distinct tumor cells defined by their capacity for tumor formation, self-renewal, and differentiation. In addition, the CSC hypothesis has been extended to suggest that specific tumor cell populations are also responsible for distinct clinical scenarios such as initial tumor formation, disease relapse following initial therapy, and cancer progression including the transformation of indolent to aggressive disease in hematologic malignancies and the development of metastatic disease in solid tumors. However, several questions regarding CSCs remain the subject of intense debate, including their actual clinical relevance and/or whether the eradication of CSCs will actually improve patient outcomes. In this chapter, we will review strategies to identify CSCs and evidence that they play a role in disease prognosis, progression, and therapeutic resistance; as well as discuss potential barriers in designing and interpreting clinical trials studying CSC targeting therapies.

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Abbreviations

ABCG:

ATP-binding cassette subfamily G

ALDH:

Aldehyde dehydrogenase

ALL:

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

AML:

Acute myeloid leukemia

BCR-ABL:

Breakpoint cluster region-abelson

CD:

Cluster of differentiation

CML:

Chronic myeloid leukemia

CR:

Complete response

CSC:

Cancer stem cell

CXCR4:

Chemokine receptor 4

EMT:

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition

HER2:

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2

IGS:

Invasiveness gene signature

IHC:

Immunohistochemistry

NHL:

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

OS:

Overall survival

RECIST:

Response evaluation criteria in solid tumors

SCID:

Severe combined immune deficiency

TGF-β:

Transforming growth factor beta

TIC:

Tumor-initiating cells

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Zeshaan A. Rasheed & William H. Matsui

  2. Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Jeanne Kowalski

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  1. Zeshaan A. Rasheed
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  2. Jeanne Kowalski
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  3. William H. Matsui
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Correspondence to William H. Matsui .

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  1. Dept. Oncology & Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, Commissioners Road East 790, London, N6A 4L6, Ontario, Canada

    Alison L. Allan

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Rasheed, Z.A., Kowalski, J., Matsui, W.H. (2011). Cancer Stem Cells and Disease Prognosis. In: Allan, A. (eds) Cancer Stem Cells in Solid Tumors. Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-246-5_19

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