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Oxidative Stress in Vascular Disease

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Aging and Age-Related Disorders

Abstract

The importance of oxidation in vascular disease was established in the mid-1980s with the emergence of the “LDL modification hypothesis” of atherosclerosis, initially referring to the vessel wall damage that occurs subsequent to oxidation of low-density lipoproteins deposited in the vascular wall. Oxygen radicals and derived reactive species not only accelerate the development or affect the stability of atherosclerotic plaque but are also involved in regulation many aspects of vascular diseases or conditions associated with hypertension, diabetes, ischemia-reperfusion or vascular injury. In recent years, the term oxidative stress has been used to describe the manifestations of changes in redox enzyme activity in vascular cells, as well as the process of oxidation of cellular components caused by the intracellular excess of free radicals. The cellular response attributed to these reactive species can be as diverse as cell dysfunction, alteration of cell proliferation or migration, modification of extracellular matrix composition or cell death by apoptosis. In addition, there is growing evidence showing that the long-term and insidious action of oxygen radicals may irreversibly damage genomic or mitochondrial DNA. Accumulation of nucleic acid lesions due to oxidant stress may accelerate the natural processes of vascular cells aging. In addition, DNA damage may interfere with the cell cycle and cell survival by activating ROS-sensitive transcription factors and activating DNA damage-dependent signalling pathways. This chapter will describe the evidence for oxidative stress in vascular disease, the sources of reactive species in the vascular wall, and their relevance in vascular pathologies Largely focusing on atherosclerosis.

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  1. Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, ACCI, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, UK

    Isabelle Gorenne & Martin R. Bennett

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    Stephen Bondy

  2. New Jersey Medical School, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, University of Medicine & Dentistry of Ne, South Orange Avenue 185, Newark, 07101, New Jersey, USA

    Kenneth Maiese

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Gorenne, I., Bennett, M.R. (2010). Oxidative Stress in Vascular Disease. In: Bondy, S., Maiese, K. (eds) Aging and Age-Related Disorders. Oxidative Stress in Applied Basic Research and Clinical Practice. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-602-3_10

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