Abstract
The goal of our project was to understand how lipids and lipoproteins interact with cell membranes. This chapter will present the five major areas in which we have focused our attention on understanding how lipids and lipoproteins interact with cell membranes (Fig. 11.1): (1) triglycerides and vascular injury, (2) single lipoprotein analysis, (3) apolipoprotein E (apoE) conformation changes in the postprandial state, (4) triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGRLs) and endothelial cell inflammation, and (5) TGRL lipolysis products and monocyte activation. For over a hundred years, Western civilization has questioned how the food we eat translates into disease, and specifically atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Although most information indicates that this basic pathophysiological process is mediated through consumption of excess saturated fats, much remains unknown. After humans eat a meal, there is an elevation of triglycerides in the blood in the postprandial state. In normal individuals, triglycerides can rise after a meal by 50 to 100%. This has been documented many times in the past, including a paper by Hyson et al, (1998) [1]. In that study, normal healthy individuals were given a 40%-fat meal. Plasma triglycerides, which were modestly elevated initially, rose about 60% higher three to four hours after ingestion of the meal. Subsequently plasma triglycerides fell to baseline levels six hours after the meal. Even in these healthy individuals, a significant elevation of triglycerides was noted after ingestion of a moder ately high-fat meal.
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Further Study
Hyson DA, Paglieroni TG, Wun T, Rutledge JC. 2002. Postprandial lipemia is associated with platelet and monocyte activation and increased monocyte cytokine expression in normolipemic men. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 8(2):147–155.
Chan JW, Motton D, Rutledge JC, Keim NL, Huser T. 2005. Raman spectroscopic analysis of biochemical changes in individual triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in the pre- and postprandial state. Anal Chem 77(18):5870–5876.
Tetali SD, Budamagunta MS, Voss JC, Rutledge JC. 2006. C-termini interactions of apolipoprotein E4 respond to the postprandial state. J Lipid Res 47(7):1358–1365.
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Rutledge, J.C., Huser, T., Voss, J., Chan, J., Parikh, A. (2009). Lifecycle of a Lipoprotein from a Biophysical Perspective. In: Faller, R., Longo, M., Risbud, S., Jue, T. (eds) Biomembrane Frontiers. Handbook of Modern Biophysics. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-314-5_11
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