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Childhood Obesity and Blood Pressure Regulation

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Pediatric Hypertension

Part of the book series: Clinical Hypertension and Vascular Diseases ((CHVD))

Abstract

Childhood obesity is the most common nutritional problem in children from both developed and non-developed countries. From the 1960s to 1990s, the prevalence of obesity in children grew from 5 to 11% (1). In adults, obesity is recognized as an independent risk factor for the development of both hypertension and cardiovascular disease. In childhood there are data to demonstrate a strong relationship between childhood obesity and hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, obstructive sleep apnea, left ventricular hypertrophy, and orthopedic problems. This chapter will summarize (1) the epidemiologic evidence that substantiates obesity as an independent risk factor for the development of hypertension in both adults and children; (2) an explanation of how obesity may cause hypertension; (3) a brief summary of other cardiovascular abnormalities associated with obesity; and (4) a brief summary of how to manage the hypertensive obese child.

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  1. Department of Pediatric Cardiology, C.S. Mott Children’s Hospital, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Albert P. Rocchini MD

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  1. , Division of Nephrology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Sand Point Way NE. 4800, Seattle, 98105, Washington, USA

    Joseph T. Flynn

  2. Massachusetts General Hospital, Fruit St. 55, Boston, 02114, Massachusetts, USA

    Julie R. Ingelfinger

  3. Global Clinical Research, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Provinceline Road, Princeton, 08543, New Jersey, USA

    Ronald J. Portman

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Rocchini, A.P. (2011). Childhood Obesity and Blood Pressure Regulation. In: Flynn, J., Ingelfinger, J., Portman, R. (eds) Pediatric Hypertension. Clinical Hypertension and Vascular Diseases. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-824-9_17

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