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Influence of Dietary Electrolytes on Childhood Blood Pressure

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Pediatric Hypertension

Part of the book series: Clinical Hypertension and Vascular Diseases ((CHVD))

Abstract

Although the prevalence of hypertension (HTN) is relatively low during childhood and adolescence (1), an estimated 2.6–3.4% of children and adolescents have hypertensive blood pressure (BP) levels and 5.7–13.6% have prehypertensive BP levels (2,3). BP patterns have been shown to track from childhood to the third and fourth decades of life (1,4), and elevated BP levels have been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular and renal diseases (5). Hypertension and cardiovascular risk also increase with increasing rates of overweight and obesity, and prevention programs are needed to reduce these risks in youth (5–7). Modifying intake of dietary electrolytes such as sodium and/or potassium has been shown to be an effective approach to BP reduction in adults (8–10), but there is less evidence for the benefit of this approach in children and adolescents (11). Current recommendations for primary prevention of HTN, published by The National High Blood Pressure Education Program Coordinating Committee (12), involve a population approach and an intensive strategy for targeting individuals who are at increased risk for developing HTN in early adulthood. The Committee outlines a number of approaches that have proven effective for prevention of HTN. Two of these approaches include reducing sodium intake and maintaining an adequate intake of potassium. Evidence also suggests that addressing obesity-related hypertension through weight reduction and maintenance programs may be more efficacious when physical activity is incorporated into the intervention, and regular aerobic activity is strongly recommended for improving BP (13–15).

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  1. Department of Psychology, Barnwell College, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA

    Dawn K. Wilson PhD & Sandra Coulon BS

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    Ronald J. Portman

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Wilson, D.K., Coulon, S. (2011). Influence of Dietary Electrolytes on Childhood Blood Pressure. In: Flynn, J., Ingelfinger, J., Portman, R. (eds) Pediatric Hypertension. Clinical Hypertension and Vascular Diseases. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-824-9_15

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  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-60327-823-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-60327-824-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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