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Guide to Signal Pathways in Immune Cells pp 201–246Cite as

Signalling in Immune Reactions

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Abstract

Regarding signalling in immune reactions, by now there is sufficient background for logical understanding of the immune response and how macrophages work. Macrophages and dendritic cells bear Toll-like receptors (TLRs) whose signal transduction pathways link to the formation of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. There are also intracellular sensors for pathogens called nucleotide oligomerisation domain (NOD)-like receptors. NLRs occur as “inflammosomes” that account for production of the important cytokine interleukin 1 (IL-1). The cytokines and their functions are delineated. The activation of macrophages and dendritic cells is presented, for example, in response to IL-1 and TNFa. The processes must not get out of control, and IL-10 exerts a moderating influence that is not completely understood. Attempting to understand rheumatoid arthritis highlights cutting-edge aspects of immunology.

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    E. Nigel Wardle

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Wardle, E.N. (2009). Signalling in Immune Reactions. In: Guide to Signal Pathways in Immune Cells. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-538-5_12

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