Abstract
DYT1 or Oppenheim’s dystonia is recognized as the most common form of early onset primary dystonia. It accounts for 16–53% of early onset dystonia in non-Jewish populations but can be as high as 80–90% among Ashkenazi Jews. Typically, DYT1 dystonia begins in early childhood with a focal action dystonia involving the lower more commonly than the upper limb. Lower limb dystonia typically causes unilateral foot inversion and plantar-flexion postures while walking. In early stages, patients are often able to run or dance without exhibiting foot dystonia. Dystonia then gradually spreads to involve other body regions, becomes less-action specific, and becomes increasingly present at rest.
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References
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DYT1 dystonia.mp4 (MP4 51,317KB)
Clip 1: the patient exhibits mild bilateral foot dystonia. While walking, this gives the appearance of a mild left footdrop, while on the right side he lands with his foot on its outer aspect with extensor posturing of the large toe. Later in the video, he sits with his left foot inverted. While standing, the right foot and toes are plantarflexed while the left foot is inverted. Clip 2: another DYT1 patient developed cervical and axial dystonia for the first time at age 18. His trunk is flexed at the waist, hyperextended in the lower thoracic region, tilted to the right, and concave to the left in a typical “dromedary” posture. There is also cervical dystonia with a mixture of retrocollis, laterocollis, and rotational torticollis. While walking, he uses a “sensory trick” of holding his left hand to the back of his head to stabilize his posture.
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Bhidayasiri, R., Tarsy, D. (2012). DYT1 Generalized Dystonia. In: Movement Disorders: A Video Atlas. Current Clinical Neurology. Humana, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-426-5_37
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-426-5_37
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Publisher Name: Humana, Totowa, NJ
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