Abstract
Parkinsonism has been reported to occur due to a number of toxins including metals (iron, copper, and manganese), the by-product 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), and certain pesticides, such as paraquat, organochlorine, and carbamate. The specific mechanisms by which these neurotoxins damage nigral dopaminergic neurons are unknown. An important mechanism by which neurotoxins could selectively target dopaminergic cells may be via uptake through the presynaptic dopamine transporter. Because of the potential role of pesticides as an environmental risk factor for Parkinson’s disease (PD), several paradigms have been developed to create animal models of PD including MPTP, 6-hydroxydopamine, and rotenone. Despite clinical similarities, the principal differences between PD and these animal models are the lack of progressive neurodegeneration and the absence of typical neuronal Lewy bodies in the animal models.
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This chapter contains a video segment which can be found at the URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-426-5_21
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Di Monte DA. The environmental and Parkinson’s disease: Is the nigrostriatal system preferentially targeted by neurotoxins? Lancet Neurol. 2003;2:531–8.
Langston JW, Ballard P, Tetrud JW, et al. Chronic parkinsonism in humans due to a product of meperidine-analog synthesis. Science. 1983;219:979–80.
Bhatt MM, Elias MA, Mankodi MA, et al. Acute and reversible parkinsonism due to organophosphate pesticide intoxication: five cases. Neurology. 1999;52:1467–71.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Electronic Supplementary material
21 Toxin-induced parkinsonism.mp4 (MP4 21,336KB)
The patient exhibits signs of akinetic-rigid parkinsonism with severe facial masking and increased blink frequency. He displays bilateral hand dystonia and marked left-sided hypokinesia. His gait is associated with absent left arm swing.
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bhidayasiri, R., Tarsy, D. (2012). Toxin-Induced Parkinsonism. In: Movement Disorders: A Video Atlas. Current Clinical Neurology. Humana, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-426-5_21
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-426-5_21
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana, Totowa, NJ
Print ISBN: 978-1-60327-425-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-60327-426-5
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)