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Family History of Prostate Cancer During Rapidly Increasing Incidence

  • Chapter
Prostate Cancer Screening

Part of the book series: Current Clinical Urology ((CCU))

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Summary

The Swedish Family-Cancer Database has been used for some 12 years in the study of familial risks of cancer at all common sites. The current version VII was assembled in the year 2006 and it includes all residents in Sweden born or immigrated in 1932 and later (offspring) with their biological parents, a total of 11.5 million individuals. Cancer cases were retrieved from the Swedish Cancer Registry from years 1958 to 2004, including over 1.0 million cancers. We show applications of the Database in the study of familial risks in prostate cancer, with special reference to the modification of familial risk at the time of about 50% increase in incidence due to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening. The familial relative risks for prostate cancer were 1.88 for sons and 3.42 for brothers of affected patients. Familial risks were calculated for two overlapping birth cohorts, separated by 8 years. The risk for sons of affected fathers was 3.85 in the period 1961–1996 compared to 3.48 in 1969–2004. For brothers, the corresponding risks were 2.57 and 4.35. The explanations to these reverse effects were assumed to be the increasing background rate and availability of PSA testing. The consideration of the time after diagnosis of the first family member revealed that the familial risk of prostate cancer was significantly higher when the two family members were diagnosed in the same year compared to 5+ years apart. Increased surveillance and the availability of PSA screening are the likely reasons for the overestimated familial relative risk shortly after the first diagnosis. This lead time bias should be considered in clinical counseling.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Family and Community Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden

    Kari Hemminki

  2. Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany

    Justo Lorenzo Bermejo

Authors
  1. Kari Hemminki
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  2. Justo Lorenzo Bermejo
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mathematics, Technical University, Garching, Germany

    Donna P. Ankerst Ph.D. (Professor) (Professor)

  2. Associate Professor, Departments of Urology, and Epidemiology/Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA

    Donna P. Ankerst Ph.D. (Professor) (Professor)

  3. Member, Southwest Oncology Group Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, UK

    Catherine M. Tangen DrPh

  4. Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA

    Ian M. Thompson Jr MD (Professor and Chair) (Professor and Chair)

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© 2009 Humana Press, a part of Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

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Hemminki, K., Bermejo, J.L. (2009). Family History of Prostate Cancer During Rapidly Increasing Incidence. In: Ankerst, D.P., Tangen, C.M., Thompson, I.M. (eds) Prostate Cancer Screening. Current Clinical Urology. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-281-0_14

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-281-0_14

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-60327-280-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-60327-281-0

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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