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Endemic and Epidemic Cholera in Africa

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Epidemiological and Molecular Aspects on Cholera

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Abstract

Cholera had entered the African continent during the late 1880s mainly through trade and travel from the Asian region. The 7th cholera pandemic had started from the early 1970s and is rampant till to-date claiming many lives. Though the endemicity of cholera is common in many African and Asian countries, the morbidity and mortality are relatively high in Africa. This has been attributed mainly due to lack of health and hygiene of the population, scarcity of water, prevailing multidrug-resistant strains of Vibrio cholerae O1, and to a lesser extent the management of cholera in the early 1990s. Molecular epidemiological studies revealed that there is a propensity of the pathogen to change its clonality that has been attributed to the recurrent infection and waves of cholera epidemics in many African countries. One of the mysteries is why the spread of V. cholerae O139 serogroup is restricted only to Asian countries despite the geographical proximity and common mode of transmission. This chapter reviews cholera status in Africa viewed through many aspects of the epidemiology.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Vaccine Development, Bamako, Mali

    Samba Sow

  2. Medical Research Council Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia

    Martin Antonio

  3. Center for Disease Control Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya

    Joe O. Oundo

  4. Centro Investigação em Sáude Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique

    Inacio Mandomando

  5. Instituto Nacional de Sáude, Ministério da Sáude, Maputo, Mozambique

    Inacio Mandomando

  6. National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, 700010, India

    T. Ramamurthy

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  1. Samba Sow
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  2. Martin Antonio
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  3. Joe O. Oundo
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  4. Inacio Mandomando
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  5. T. Ramamurthy
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Correspondence to T. Ramamurthy .

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  1. National Institute of Cholera and Enteri, P-33 C.I.T. Road Scheme XM, Calcutta, 700010, India

    T. Ramamurthy

  2. Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, 110029, India

    S.K. Bhattacharya

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Sow, S., Antonio, M., Oundo, J.O., Mandomando, I., Ramamurthy, T. (2011). Endemic and Epidemic Cholera in Africa. In: Ramamurthy, T., Bhattacharya, S. (eds) Epidemiological and Molecular Aspects on Cholera. Infectious Disease. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-265-0_3

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