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Fluid and Electrolytes in Pediatrics pp 105–147Cite as

Disorders of Calcium Metabolism

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Key Points

1. Three organ systems are involved in the transport of calcium into the extracellular fluid: gastrointestinal, renal, and bone.

2. Two interdependent endocrine systems are responsible for the control of the concentration of extracellular calcium: parathyroid and vitamin D axis.

3. For disorders of extracellular calcium concentrations in complicated patients, measure ionized calcium rather than relying on “corrected” calcium measurements.

4. 25(OH)vitamin D and not 1,25(OH)2vitamin D concentration is the best measure of vitamin D deficiency.

5. In refractory hypocalcemia, especially in infants, hypomagnesemia should be considered as a possible cause.

6. Hypercalcemia generally results from increased absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, decreased excretion by the kidneys, or an imbalance of bone mineralization and resorption.

7. In contrast to adults where primary hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcemia of malignancy account for the vast majority of cases of hypercalcemia, these conditions are relatively rare in childhood.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pediatric Nephrology, Levine Children´s Hospital@Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA

    Charles P. McKay MD

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  1. Charles P. McKay MD
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Levine Children's Hospital, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA

    Leonard G. Feld

  2. Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Dept. Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Brainbridge Ave. 3415, Bronx, 10467, New York, USA

    Frederick J. Kaskel

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McKay, C.P. (2010). Disorders of Calcium Metabolism. In: Feld, L., Kaskel, F. (eds) Fluid and Electrolytes in Pediatrics. Nutrition and Health. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-225-4_4

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