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General
Weiss SW, Goldblum JR. Soft Tissue Tumors. 4th ed, 2001.
Meis-Kindblom JM, Enzinger FM. Color Atlas of Soft Tissue Tumors, 1996.
Fletcher CDM. Soft Tissue Tumors. In: Diagnostic Histopathology of Tumors. 2nd ed, 2000
Fibrous Tumors
Chung EB, Enzinger FM. Infantile fibrosarcoma. Cancer 1976;38:729–739.
Chung EB, Enzinger FM. Infantile myofibromatosis. Cancer 1981;48:807–1818.
Schmookler BM, Enzinger FM, Weiss SW. Giant cell fibroblastoma. A juvenile form of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. Cancer 1989;64:2154–2161.
Burke AP, Sobin LH, Shekitka KM, et al. Intra-abdominal fibromatosis. A pathologic analysis of 130 tumors with comparison of clinical subgroups. Am J Surg Pathol. 1990;14:335–341.
Meis JM, Enzinger FM. Inflammatory fibrosarcoma of the mesen-tery and retroperitoneum. Am J Surg Pathol. 1991;15:1146–1156.
Hollowood K, Fletcher CDM. Pseudosarcomatous myofibroblastic proliferations of the spermatic cord. Am J Surg Pathol. 1992;16:448–454.
Meis JM, Enzinger FM. Proliferative fasciitis and myositis of childhood. Am J Surg Pathol. 1992;16:364–372.
Evans HL et al. Low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. A report of 12 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 1993;17:595–600.
Schofield DE et al. Fibrosarcoma in infants and children. Application of new techniques. Am J Surg Pathol. 1994;18:14–24.
Coffin CM et al. Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 84 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 1995;19:859–872.
Suster S et al. Solitary fibrous tumors of soft tissue. Am J Surg Pathol. 1995;19:1257–1266.
Fibrohistiocytic Tumors
Weiss SW, Enzinger FM. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma. An analysis of 200 cases. Cancer 1978;41:2250–2266.
Enzinger FM. Angiomatoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma. A distinct fibrohistiocytic tumor of children and young adults simulating a vascular neoplasm. Cancer 1979;44:2147–2157.
Fletcher CDM, Evans BJ, Macartney JC, et al. Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: A clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study with a review of the literature. Histopathology 1985;9:921–938.
Sonoda T, Hashimoto H, Enjoji M. Juvenile xanthogranuloma. Clinicopathologic analysis and immunohistochemical study of 57 patients. Cancer 1985;56:2280–2286.
Leong AS, Milios J. Atypical Fibroxanthoma of the skin: A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study and a discussion of its histogenesis. Histopathology 1987;11:463–475.
Enzinger FM, Zhang R. Plexiform fibrohistiocytic tumor presenting in children and young adults. An analysis of 65 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 1988;12:818–826.
Costa MJ, Weiss SW. Angiomatoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma. A follow-up study of 108 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 1990;14:1126–1132.
Fletcher CDM. Benign fibrous histiocytoma of subcutaneous and deep soft tissue: A clinicopathological analysis of 21 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 1990;14:801–809.
Fletcher CDM. Pleomorphic malignant fibrous histiocytoma: Fact or fiction? A critical reappraisal based upon 158 tumors diagnosed as pleomorphic sarcoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 1992;14:213–228.
Calonje E et al. Cellular benign fibrous histiocytoma: Analysis of 74 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 1994;18:668–676.
Mentzel T. et al. Myxofibrosarcoma: Clinicopathologic analysis of 75 cases with emphasis on the low grade variant. Am J Surg Pathol. 1996;20:391–405.
Lipomatous Tumors
Schmookler BM, Enzinger FM. Pleomorphic lipoma: A benign tumor simulating liposarcoma. A clinicopathologic analysis of 48 cases. Cancer 1981;47:126–133.
Silverman TA, Enzinger FM. Fibrolipomatous hamartoma of nerve. A clinicopathologic analysis of 26 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 1985;9:7–14.
Fletcher CDM, Martin-Bates E. Spindle cell lipoma: A clinicopathological study with some original observations. Histopathology 1987;11:803–817.
Fletcher CDM, Martin-Bates E. Intramuscular and intermuscular lipoma: neglected diagnoses. Histopathology, 1988;12:275–287.
Meis JM, Enzinger FM. Myolipoma of soft tissue. Am J Surg Pathol, 1991;15:121–125.
Aman P et al. Rearrangement of the transcription factor gene CHOP in myxoid liposarcoma with t(12;16) (q13;p11). Genes Chromos Cancer 1992;5:278–285.
Chan JKC et al. Lymphangiomyomatosis and angiomyolipoma: Closely related lesions characterized by hamartomatous proliferations of HMB-45-positive smooth muscle. Histopathology 1992;22:445–445.
Weiss SW, Rao VK. Well differentiated liposarcoma (atypical lipoma) of deep soft tissue of the extremities, retroperitoneum and miscellaneous sites. Am J Surg Pathol 1992;16:1051–1058.
Dal Cin P et al. Cytogenetic and FISH investigation of ring chromosomes characterizing a specific pathologic subgroup of adipose tissue tumors. Cancer Genet Cytogenet, 1993;68:85–90.
Meis JM, Enzinger FM. Chondroid lipoma. A unique tumor simulating liposarcoma and myxoid liposarcoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 1993;17:1103–1112.
Henricks WH et al. Dedifferentiated liposarcoma. A clinicopathologic analysis of 155 cases with a proposal for an expanded definition of dedifferentiation. Am J Surg Pathol. 1997;21:271–281.
Smooth Muscle Tumors
Fields JP, Helwig EB. Leiomyosarcoma of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. Cancer 1981;47:156–169.
Salm R, Evans DJ. Myxoid leiomyosarcoma. Histopathology 1985;9:159–169.
Gustafson P et al. Soft tissue leiomyosarcoma. Cancer 1992;70:114–119.
Skeletal Muscle Tumors
Enzinger FM, Shiraki M. Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. An analysis of 110 cases. Cancer 1969;24:18–31.
Di Sant’Agnese PA, Knowles DM. Extracardiac rhabdomyoma: a clinicopathologic study and review of the literature. Cancer 1980;46:780–789.
Gaffney E et al. Pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma in adulthood. Am J Surg Pathol. 1993;17:601–609.
Kapadia SB et al. Fetal rhabdomyoma of the head and neck. A clinicopathologic and immunophenotypic study of 24 cases. Hum Pathol, 1993;24:754–765.
Asmar L et al. Agreement among and within groups of pathologists in the classification of rhabdomyosarcoma and related childhood sarcomas. Cancer 1994;74:2579–2588.
Fletcher CDM, Eusebi V. Tumors showing skeletal muscle differentiation. Semin Diagn Pathol. 1994;11:1–81 (whole February 1994 issue).
Tsokos M. The diagnosis and classification of childhood rhabdomyosarcoma. Semin Diagn Pathol. 1994;11:26–38.
Vascular Tumors
Enzinger FM et al. Hemangiopericytoma. An analysis of 106 cases. Hum Pathol. 1976;7:61–82.
Olsen JG, Helwig EB. Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia. A clinicopathologic study of 116 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1985;12:781–796.
Weiss SW et al. Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma and related lesions. Semin Diagn Pathol. 1986;3:259–287.
Weiss SW, Enzinger FM. Spindle cell hemangioendothelioma. A low grade angiosarcoma resembling a cavernous hemangioma and Kaposi’s sarcoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 1986;10:521–530.
Beham A. Fletcher CDM. Intramuscular angioma: Clinicopathological analysis of 74 cases. Histopathology 1991;18:53–59.
Fletcher CDM et al. Spindle cell hemangioendothelioma: A clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study indicative of a non-neoplastic lesion. Histopathology 1991;18:291–301.
Fletcher CDM et al. Epithelioid angiosarcoma of deep soft tissue: A distinctive tumor readily mistaken for an epithelial neoplasm. Am J Surg Pathol. 1991;15:915–924.
Tsang WYW et al. Recently characterized vascular tumors of skin and soft tissues. Histopathology 1991;19:489–501.
Chan JKC et al. Primary vascular tumors of lymph nodes other than Kaposi’s sarcoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 1992;16:335–350.
Calonje E et al. Retiform hemangioendothelioma: A distinctive form of low grade angiosarcoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 1994;18:15–125.
Fletcher CDM. Hemangiopericytoma — a dying breed? Curr Diagn Pathol. 1994;1:19–23.
Mentzel T et al. Infantile hemangiopericytoma versus infantile myofibromatosis: Study of a series suggesting a spectrum of infantile myofibroblastic lesions. Am J Surg Pathol. 1994;18:922–930.
Nappi O et al. Hemangiopericytoma: Histopathological pattern or clinicopathologic entity? Semin Diagn Pathol. 1995;12:221–232.
Synovial Tumors
Fisher C. Synovial sarcoma: Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical features of epithelial differentiation in monophasic and biphasic tumors. Hum Pathol. 1986;17:996.
Dal Cin P et al. Chromosomes in the diagnosis of soft tissue tumors. Synovial sarcoma. Modern Pathol. 1992;5:357–362.
Satti MB. Tendon sheath tumors. A pathological study of the relationship between giant cell tumor and fibroma of tendon sheath. Histopathology 1992;20:213–220.
Peripheral Neural Tumors
Gallager RL, Helwig EB. Neurothekeoma — a benign cutaneous tumor of neural origin. Am J Surg Pathol. 1980;74:759–764.
Hashimoto H et al. Malignant neuroepithelioma (peripheral neuroblastoma). A clinicopathologic study of 15 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 1983;7:309–318.
Ducatman BS. Scheithauer BW, Piepgras DG, Reiman HM, Ilstrup DM. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. A clinicopathologic study of 120 cases. Cancer 1986;57:2006–2021.
Barnhill RL, Mihm MC. Cellular neurothekeoma. A distinctive variant of neurothekeoma mimicking nevomelanocytic tumors. Am J Surg Pathol. 1990;14:113–120.
Suster S, Rosai J. Hamartoma of the scalp with ectopic meningothelial elements. Am J Surg Pathol. 1990;14:1–11.
White W et al. Cellular schwannoma. A clinicopathologic study of 57 patients and 58 tumors. Cancer 1990;66:1266–1275.
Tsang WYW et al. Perineurioma: an uncommon soft tissue neoplasm. Am J Surg Pathol. 1992;16:756–763.
Mentzel T et al. Perineurioma (storiform perineurial fibroma): clinicopathological analysis of four cases. Histopathology 1994;25:261–267.
Cartilaginous Tumors
Enzinger FM et al. Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma. An analysis of 34 cases. Hum Pathol. 1972;3:421–435.
Chung EB, Enzinger FM. Chondroma of soft parts. Cancer 1978;41:1414–1424.
Fletcher CDM et al. Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma: A histochemical and immunohistochemical study. Histopathology 1986;10:489–499.
Fletcher CDM, Krausz T. Cartilaginous tumor of soft tissue. Applied Pathol. 1988;6:208–220.
Sciot R et al. T(9;22) (q22–31; q11–12) is a consistent marker of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma. Mod Pathol. 1995;8:765–768.
Osseous Tumors
Chung EB, Enzinger FM. Extraskeletal osteosarcoma. Cancer 1987;60:1132–1142.
Enzinger FM, Weiss S, Liang CY. Ossifying fibromyxoid tumor of soft parts. A clinicopathological analysis of 59 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 1989;13:817–827.
Nuovo MA et al. Myositis ossificans with atypical clinical, radiographic or pathologic findings: A review of 23 cases. Skeletal Radiol. 1992;21:87–101.
Miscellaneous Tumors
Chung EB, Enzinger FM. Malignant melanoma of soft parts. A reassessment of clear cell sarcoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 1983;7:405–413.
Begin LR et al. Aggressive angiomyxoma of pelvic soft parts: a clinicopathologic study of nine cases. Hum Pathol. 1985;16: 621–628.
Chase DR, Enzinger FM. Epithelioid sarcoma. Diagnosis, prognostic indicators and treatment. Am J Surg Pathol. 1985;9: 241–263.
Miettinen M, Hockerstedt K, Reitamo J, Totterman S. Intramuscular myxoma — a clinicopathological study of 23 cases. Am J Clin Pathol. 1985;84:265–272.
Khansur T, Balducci L, Tavassoli M. Granular cell tumor. Clinical spectrum of the benign and malignant entity. Cancer 1987;60: 220–222.
Enzinger FM et al. Ossifying fibromyxoid tumor of soft parts. A clinicopathologic analysis of 59 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 1989;13:817–827.
Leiberman PH et al. Alveolar soft part sarcoma. A clinicopathologic study of half a century. Cancer 1989;63:1–13.
Suster S, Rosai J. Intranodal hemorrhagic spindle cell tumor with amianthoid fibers. Report of six cases of distinctive mesenchymal neoplasm of the inguinal region that simulates Kaposi’s sarcoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 1989;13:347–357.
Weiss SW, Gnepp DR, Bratthauer GL. Palisaded myofibroblastoma. A benign mesenchymal tumor of lymph node. Am J Surg Pathol. 1989;13:341–346.
Gerald WL et al. Intra-abdominal desmoplastic small round cell tumor. Report of 19 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 1991;15:499–513.
Lack EE et al. Undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma of the liver. Clinical and pathologic study of 16 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 1991;15:1–16.
Fletcher CDM et al. Angiomyofibroblastoma of the vulva: A benign neoplasm distinct from aggressive angiomyxoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 1992;15:373–382.
Ladanyi M, Gerald M. Fusion of the EWS and WTI genes in the desmoplastic small round cell tumor. Cancer Res. 1994;54:2937–2940.
Wick MR et al. Malignant rhabdoid tumors: A clinicopathologic review and conceptual discussion. Semin Diagn Pathol. 1995;12:233–248.
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Nascimento, A.F., Schembri-Wismayer, D., Nascimento, A.G. (2006). Soft Tissue Tumors. In: Cheng, L., Bostwick, D.G. (eds) Essentials of Anatomic Pathology. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-173-8_16
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