Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Khan TS, Sundin A, Juhlin C, Langstrom B, Bergstrom M, Eriksson B (2003) 11C-Metomidate PET imaging of adrenocortical cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 30(3):403–410
Brown RS, Leung JY, Fisher SJ, Frey KA, Ethier SP, Wahl RL (1996) Intratumoral distribution of tritiated-FDG in breast carcinoma: correlation between Glut-1 expression and FDG uptake. J Nucl Med 37(6):1042–1047
Higashi K, Clavo AC, Wahl RL (1993) Does FDG uptake measure proliferative activity of human cancer cells? In vitro comparison with DNA flow cytometry and tritiated thymidine uptake. J Nucl Med 34(3):414–419
Von Schulthess GK, Steinert HC, Hany TF (2006) Integrated PET/CT: current applications and future directions. Radiology 238(2):405–422
Cohade C, Wahl RL (2003) Applications of positron emission tomography/computed tomography image fusion in clinical positron emission tomography – clinical use, interpretation methods, diagnostic improvements. Semin Nucl Med 33(3):228–237
Bagheri B, Maurer AH, Cone L, Doss M, Adler L (2004) Characterization of the normal adrenal gland with 18F-FDG PET/CT. J Nucl Med 45(8):1340–1343
Karstaedt N, Sagel SS, Stanley RJ, Melson GL, Levitt RG (1978) Computed tomography of the adrenal gland. Radiology 129(3):723–730
Abrams HL, Siegelman SS, Adams DF, Sanders R, Finberg HJ, Hessel SJ, McNeil BJ (1982) Computed tomography versus ultrasound of the adrenal gland: a prospective study. Radiology 143(1):121–128
Hedeland H, Ostberg G, Hokfelt B (1968) On the prevalence of adrenocortical adenomas in an autopsy material in relation to hypertension and diabetes. Acta Med Scand 184(3):211–214
Korobkin M, Francis IR, Kloos RT, Dunnick NR (1996) The incidental adrenal mass. Radiol Clin North Am 34(5):1037–1054
Paulsen SD, Nghiem HV, Korobkin M, Caoili EM, Higgins EJ (2004) Changing role of imaging-guided percutaneous biopsy of adrenal masses: evaluation of 50 adrenal biopsies. AJR Am J Roentgenol 182(4):1033–1037
Dunnick NR, Korobkin M (2002) Imaging of adrenal incidentalomas: current status. AJR Am J Roentgenol 179(3):559–568
Kocijancic I, Vidmar K, Zwitter M, Snoj M (2003) The significance of adrenal metastases from lung carcinoma. Eur J Surg Oncol 29(1):87–88
Boland GW, Goldberg MA, Lee MJ, Mayo-Smith WW, Dixon J, McNicholas MM, Mueller PR (1995) Indeterminate adrenal mass in patients with cancer: evaluation at PET with 2-[F-18]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose. Radiology 194(1):131–134
Erasmus JJ, Patz EF Jr, McAdams HP, Murray JG, Herndon J, Coleman RE, Goodman PC (1997) Evaluation of adrenal masses in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 168(5):1357–1360
Maurea S, Mainolfi C, Bazzicalupo L, Panico MR, Imparato C, Alfano B, Ziviello M, Salvatore M (1999) Imaging of adrenal tumors using FDG PET: comparison of benign and malignant lesions. AJR Am J Roentgenol 173(1):25–29
Yun M, Kim W, Alnafisi N, Lacorte L, Jang S, Alavi A (2001) 18F-FDG PET in characterizing adrenal lesions detected on CT or MRI. J Nucl Med 42(12):1795–1799
Gupta NC, Graeber GM, Tamim WJ, Rogers JS, Irisari L, Bishop HA (2001) Clinical utility of PET-FDG imaging in differentiation of benign from malignant adrenal masses in lung cancer. Clin Lung Cancer 3(1):59–64
Kumar R, Xiu Y, Yu JQ, Takalkar A, El Haddad G, Potenta S, Kung J, Zhuang H, Alavi A (2004) 18F-FDG PET in evaluation of adrenal lesions in patients with lung cancer. J Nucl Med 45(12):2058–2062
Jana S, Zhang T, Milstein DM, Isasi CR, Blaufox MD (2006) FDG-PET and CT characterization of adrenal lesions in cancer patients. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 33(1):29–35
Metser U, Miller E, Lerman H, Lievshitz G, Avital S, Even-Sapir E (2006) 18F-FDG PET/CT in the evaluation of adrenal masses. J Nucl Med 47(1):32–37
Blake MA, Slattery JM, Kalra MK, Halpern EF, Fischman AJ, Mueller PR, Boland GW (2006) Adrenal lesions: characterization with fused PET/CT image in patients with proved or suspected malignancy – initial experience. Radiology 238(3):970–977
Caoili EM, Korobkin M, Brown RK, Mackie G, Shulkin BL (2007) Differentiating adrenal adenomas from nonadenomas using (18)F-FDG PET/CT quantitative and qualitative evaluation. Acad Radiol 14(4):468–475
Jaskowiak CJ, Bianco JA, Perlman SB, Fine JP (2005) Influence of reconstruction iterations on 18F-FDG PET/CT standardized uptake values. J Nucl Med 46(3):424–428
Stahl A, Ott K, Schwaiger M, Weber WA (2004) Comparison of different SUV-based methods for monitoring cytotoxic therapy with FDG PET. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 31(11):1471–1478
Zasadny KR, Wahl RL (1993) Standardized uptake values of normal tissues at PET with 2-[fluorine-18]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose: variations with body weight and a method for correction. Radiology 189(3):847–850
Bakheet SM, Powe J, Ezzat A, Rostom A (1998) F-18-FDG uptake in tuberculosis. Clin Nucl Med 23(11):739–742
Boerner AR, Voth E, Theissen P, Wienhard K, Wagner R, Schicha H (1998) Glucose metabolism of the thyroid in Graves' Disease measured by F-18-fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography. Thyroid 8(9):765–772
Shimizu A, Oriuchi N, Tsushima Y, Higuchi T, Aoki J, Endo K (2003) High [18F] 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) uptake of adrenocortical adenoma showing subclinical Cushing's Syndrome. Ann Nucl Med 17(5):403–406
Shulkin BL, Thompson NW, Shapiro B, Francis IR, Sisson JC (1999) Pheochromocytomas: imaging with 2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose PET. Radiology 212(1):35–41
Barzon L, Boscaro M (2000) Diagnosis and management of adrenal incidentalomas. J Urol 163(2):398–407
Bertherat J, Mosnier-Pudar H, Bertagna X (2002) Adrenal incidentalomas. Curr Opin Oncol 14(1):58–63
Mody MK, Kazerooni EA, Korobkin M (1995) Percutaneous CT-guided biopsy of adrenal masses: immediate and delayed complications. J Comput Assist Tomogr 19(3):434–439
Silverman SG, Mueller PR, Pinkney LP, Koenker RM, Seltzer SE (1993) Predictive value of image-guided adrenal biopsy: analysis of results of 101 biopsies. Radiology 187(3):715–718
Korobkin M, Brodeur FJ, Yutzy GG, Francis IR, Quint LE, Dunnick NR, Kazerooni EA (1996) Differentiation of adrenal adenomas from nonadenomas using CT attenuation values. AJR Am J Roentgenol 166(3):531–536
Boland GW, Lee MJ, Gazelle GS, Halpern EF, McNicholas MM, Mueller PR (1998) Characterization of adrenal masses using unenhanced CT: an analysis of the CT literature. AJR Am J Roentgenol 171(1):201–204
Lee MJ, Hahn PF, Papanicolaou N, Egglin TK, Saini S, Mueller PR, Simeone JF (1991) Benign and malignant adrenal masses: CT distinction with attenuation coefficients, size, and observer analysis. Radiology 179(2):415–418
Korobkin M, Brodeur FJ, Francis IR, Quint LE, Dunnick NR, Goodsitt M (1996) Delayed enhanced CT for differentiation of benign from malignant adrenal masses. Radiology 200(3):737–742
Mitchell DG, Crovello M, Matteucci T, Petersen RO, Miettinen MM (1992) Benign adrenocortical masses: diagnosis with chemical shift MR imaging. Radiology 185(2):345–351
Outwater EK, Siegelman ES, Huang AB, Birnbaum BA (1996) Adrenal masses: correlation between CT attenuation value and chemical shift ratio at MR imaging with in-phase and opposed-phase sequences. Radiology 200(3):749–752
Tsushima Y, Ishizaka H, Matsumoto M (1993) Adrenal masses: differentiation with chemical shift, fast low-angle shot MR imaging. Radiology 186(3):705–709
MacManus MP, Hicks RJ, Matthews JP, Hogg A, McKenzie AF, Wirth A, Ware RE, Ball DL (2001) High rate of detection of unsuspected distant metastases by pet in apparent stage III non-small-cell lung cancer: implications for radical radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 50(2):287–293
Alves A, Scatton O, Dousset B (2002) Diagnostic and therapeutic strategy for an incidental finding of an adrenal mass [in French]. J Chir (Paris) 139(4):205–213
Siren JE, Haapiainen RK, Huikuri KT, Sivula AH (1993) Incidentalomas of the adrenal gland: 36 operated patients and review of literature. World J Surg 17(5):634–639
Wooten MD, King DK (1993) Adrenal cortical cCarcinoma. Epidemiology and treatment with Mitotane and a review of the piterature. Cancer 72(11):3145–3155
Wajchenberg BL, Albergaria Pereira MA, Medonca BB, Latronico AC, Campos Carneiro P, Alves VA, Zerbini MC, Liberman B, Carlos Gomes G, Kirschner MA (2000) Adrenocortical carcinoma: clinical and laboratory observations. Cancer 88(4):711–736
Zettinig G, Mitterhauser M, Wadsak W, Becherer A, Pirich C, Vierhapper H, Niederle B, Dudczak R, Kletter K (2004) Positron emission tomography imaging of adrenal masses: (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose and the 11beta-hydroxylase tracer (11)C-metomidate. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 31(9):1224–1230
Becherer A, Vierhapper H, Potzi C, Karanikas G, Kurtaran A, Schmaljohann J, Staudenherz A, Dudczak R, Kletter K (2001) FDG-PET in adrenocortical carcinoma. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 16(4):289–295
Leboulleux S, Dromain C, Bonniaud G, Auperin A, Caillou B, Lumbroso J, Sigal R, Baudin E, Schlumberger M (2006) Diagnostic and prognostic value of 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission yomography in adrenocortical carcinoma: a prospective comparison with computed tomography. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91(3):920–925
Mackie GC, Shulkin BL, Ribeiro RC, Worden FP, Gauger PG, Mody RJ, Connolly LP, Kunter G, Rodriguez-Galindo C, Wallis JW, Hurwitz CA, Schteingart DE (2006) Use of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in evaluating locally recurrent and metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91(7):2665–2671
Weber MM, Lang J, Abedinpour F, Zeilberger K, Adelmann B, Engelhardt D (1993) Different inhibitory effect of etomidate and ketoconazole on the human adrenal steroid biosynthesis. Clin Investig 71(11):933–938
Bergstrom M, Bonasera TA, Lu L, Bergstrom E, Backlin C, Juhlin C, Langstrom B (1998) In vitro and in vivo primate evaluation of carbon-11-etomidate and carbon-11-metomidate as potential tracers for PET imaging of the adrenal cortex and its tumors. J Nucl Med 39(6):982–989
Bergstrom M, Juhlin C, Bonasera TA, Sundin A, Rastad J, Akerstrom G, Langstrom B (2000) PET imaging of adrenal cortical tumors with the 11beta-hydroxylase tracer 11C-metomidate. J Nucl Med 41(2):275–282
Minn H, Salonen A, Friberg J, Roivainen A, Viljanen T, Langsjo J, Salmi J, Valimaki M, Nagren K, Nuutila P (2004) Imaging of adrenal incidentalomas with PET using (11)C-metomidate and (18)F-FDG. J Nucl Med 45(6):972–979
Hennings J, Lindhe O, Bergstrom M, Langstrom B, Sundin A, Hellman P (2006) [11C]Metomidate positron emission tomography of adrenocortical tumors in correlation with histopathological findings. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91(4):1410–1414
Mitterhauser M, Wadsak W, Wabnegger L, Sieghart W, Viernstein H, Kletter K, Dudczak R (2003) In vivo and in vitro evaluation of [18F]FETO with respect to the adrenocortical and GABAergic system in rats. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 30(10):1398–1401
Wadsak W, Mitterhauser M, Rendl G, Schuetz M, Mien LK, Ettlinger DE, Dudczak R, Kletter K, Karanikas G (2006) [18F]FETO for adrenocortical PET imaging: a pilot study in healthy volunteers. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 33(6):669–672
Moreira SG Jr, Pow-Sang JM (2002) Evaluation and management of adrenal masses. Cancer Control 9(4):326–334
Fujita A, Hyodoh H, Kawamura Y, Kanegae K, Furuse M, Kanazawa K (2000) Use of fusion images of I-131 metaiodobenzylguanidine, SPECT, and magnetic resonance studies to identify a malignant pheochromocytoma. Clin Nucl Med 25(6):440–442
Sisson JC, Shulkin BL (1999) Nuclear medicine imaging of pheochromocytoma and neuroblastoma. Q J Nucl Med 43(3):217–223
Eisenhofer G, Pacak K, Goldstein DS, Chen C, Shulkin B (2000) 123I-MIBG scintigraphy of catecholamine systems: impediments to applications in clinical medicine. Eur J Nucl Med 27(5):611–612
Shulkin BL, Wieland DM, Schwaiger M, Thompson NW, Francis IR, Haka MS, Rosenspire KC, Shapiro B, Sisson JC, Kuhl DE (1992) PET scanning with hydroxyephedrine: an approach to the localization of pheochromocytoma. J Nucl Med 33(6):1125–1131
Trampal C, Engler H, Juhlin C, Bergstrom M, Langstrom B (2004) Pheochromocytomas: detection with 11C hydroxyephedrine PET. Radiology 230(2):423–428
Mann GN, Link JM, Pham P, Pickett CA, Byrd DR, Kinahan PE, Krohn KA, Mankoff DA (2006) [11C]Metahydroxyephedrine and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography improve clinical decision making in suspected pheochromocytoma. Ann Surg Oncol 13(2):187–197
Ilias I, Yu J, Carrasquillo JA, Chen CC, Eisenhofer G, Whatley M, McElroy B, Pacak K (2003) Superiority of 6-[18F]-fluorodopamine positron emission tomography versus [131I]-metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy in the localization of metastatic pheochromocytoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88(9):4083–4087
Pacak K, Eisenhofer G, Carrasquillo JA, Chen CC, Whatley M, Goldstein DS (2002) Diagnostic localization of pheochromocytoma: the coming of age of positron emission tomography. Ann N Y Acad Sci 970:170–176
Pacak K, Eisenhofer G, Carrasquillo JA, Chen CC, Li ST, Goldstein D (2001) S. 6-[18F]Fluorodopamine positron emission tomographic (PET) scanning for diagnostic localization of pheochromocytoma. Hypertension 38(1):6–8
Hoegerle S, Nitzsche E, Altehoefer C, Ghanem N, Manz T, Brink I, Reincke M, Moser E, Neumann HP (2002) Pheochromocytomas: detection with 18F DOPA whole body PET – initial results. Radiology 222(2):507–512
Berry CR, DeGrado TR, Nutter F, Garg PK, Breitschwerdt EB, Spaulding K, Concannon KD, Zalutsky MR, Coleman RE (2002) Imaging of pheochromocytoma in 2 dogs using P-[18F] fluorobenzylguanidine. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 43(2):183–186
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Humana Press, a part of Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Roedl, J.B., Boland, G.W.L., Blake, M.A. (2009). PET and PET-CT Imaging of Adrenal Lesions. In: Blake, M., Boland, G. (eds) Adrenal Imaging. Contemporary Medical Imaging. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-560-2_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-560-2_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ
Print ISBN: 978-1-934115-86-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-59745-560-2
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)