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Synaptotagmin: Transducing Ca2+-Binding to Vesicle Fusion

  • Chapter
Molecular Mechanisms of Neurotransmitter Release

Part of the book series: Contemporary Neuroscience ((NEUROBIOL))

Abstract

Synaptotagmins are a large family of transmembrane proteins consisting of at least 15 isoforms in mammals (1), and seven in Drosophila (2). Synaptotagmin 1 is the most conserved of the synaptotagmin isoforms (3) and is known to play a role in the synaptic vesicle cycle. Genetic studies in mice (4–10), Caenorhabditis elegans (11), and Drosophila (12–22) have shown that synaptotagmin 1 is required for efficient synaptic transmission. Although synaptic transmission persists in synaptotagmin knockouts (4,11,12), it is severely disrupted. Biochemical and genetic studies have implicated synaptotagmin function during several stages in the synaptic vesicle cycle, including (1) docking synaptic vesicles at release sites, (2) priming synaptic vesicles for quick release, (3) binding the Ca2+ required to trigger fusion, and (4) endocytosis of synaptic vesicles after fusion. This chapter reviews the evidence supporting each of these hypotheses, and discusses the molecular interactions that may underlie these abilities.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Program in Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA

    Carin Loewen

  2. BMS Dept., Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA

    Noreen Reist

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  1. Carin Loewen
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  2. Noreen Reist
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Correspondence to Noreen Reist .

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  1. Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, USA

    Zhao-Wen Wang Ph.D.

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Loewen, C., Reist, N. (2008). Synaptotagmin: Transducing Ca2+-Binding to Vesicle Fusion. In: Wang, ZW. (eds) Molecular Mechanisms of Neurotransmitter Release. Contemporary Neuroscience. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-481-0_6

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