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Chromosomes and Chromosomal Instability in Human Cancer

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The Molecular Basis of Human Cancer

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Abstract

Human cancers show chromosome abnormalities, some of which are frequent and specific cytogenetic changes associated with certain forms of cancer. The most striking findings are nonrandom chromosomal changes in human hematologic neoplasia. Specific cytogenetic changes are associated with the diagnosis of leukemia, clinical implications, and prognosis. Since some chromosomal changes in human hematologic neoplasms are simple and linked to molecular changes that create fusion products, such anomalies are currently being utilized as therapeutic markers. These findings have emerged gradually over the last 40 years as increasingly better techniques, for example fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), have become available for preparation and analysis of human chromosomes. More recently, small molecules that target fusion protein created by chromosomal changes are clinically available. Thus, detection and monitoring of chromosomal alterations in human cancer cells, especially in human hematologic neoplasms, are important in clinical practice. Nevertheless, the biological and clinical significance of nonrandom cytogenetic changes in neoplasms and chromosomal instability are still unresolved.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan

    Kazuma Ohyashiki M.D., Ph.D.

  2. Department of Molecular Patholoogy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan

    Masahiko Kuroda M.D., Ph.D.

  3. Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan

    Junko H. Ohyashiki M.D., Ph.D.

Authors
  1. Kazuma Ohyashiki M.D., Ph.D.
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  2. Masahiko Kuroda M.D., Ph.D.
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  3. Junko H. Ohyashiki M.D., Ph.D.
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kazuma Ohyashiki M.D., Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Curriculum in Toxicology, UNC Program in Translational Medicine, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA

    William B. Coleman

  2. Laboratory for Clinical Genomics and Advanced Technology (CGAT), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA

    Gregory J. Tsongalis

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Ohyashiki, K., Kuroda, M., Ohyashiki, J.H. (2017). Chromosomes and Chromosomal Instability in Human Cancer. In: Coleman, W., Tsongalis, G. (eds) The Molecular Basis of Human Cancer. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-458-2_15

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-458-2_15

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