Abstract
Chromatography and mass spectrometry are introduced as analytical methods used to identify drugs and controlled substances. The fundamental principles of paper chromatography, thin-layer chromatography (TLC), column chromatography (CC), ion-exchange chromatography (IEC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and gas chromatography (GC) are discussed. Emphasis is on the use of mass selective detectors (MSDs) with gas chromatography, although several other detectors (flame ionization, thermal conductivity, electron capture, and nitrogen-phosphorus) are also described. The basic theory of mass spectrometry is presented including hard and soft ionization techniques, m/z determination, fragmentation patterns, types of mass analyzers (quadrupole, magnetic sector), and interpretation of spectra. Qualitative and quantitative aspects of chromatography and mass spectrometry are discussed, including interpretation of chromatograms, retention factors, retention times, normalized retention times, relative concentration, factors influencing chromatographic resolution, interpretation of MS spectra, base peaks, molecular ion peaks (M+), M + 1 peaks, and M + 2 peaks.
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Khan, J.I., Kennedy, T.J., Christian, D.R. (2012). Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry. In: Basic Principles of Forensic Chemistry. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-437-7_10
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-437-7_10
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