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Functional Anatomy and Physiology of the Basal Ganglia: Non-motor Functions

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Deep Brain Stimulation in Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders

Part of the book series: Current Clinical Neurology ((CCNEU))

Abstract

While typically associated with motor control, the basal ganglia are also involved in reward-based learning, decision making, and habit formation. The cortico-basal ganglia circuitry constitutes a system in which frontal cortex exploits the basal ganglia for additional processing of reward and cognition to effectively modulate learning that leads to the development of action plans and motor behaviors. This chapter first addresses basic basal ganglia anatomy and circuitry. Second, it focuses on the non-motor pathways associated with prefrontal cortex, in both limbic and cognitive areas. While each basal ganglia structure can generally be divided along limbic, cognitive, and motor pathways, recent evidence supports the hypothesis that complex interactions may occur between these functional systems. This chapter discusses the potential routes by which information can cross functional (limbic, cognitive, and motor control) domains thereby providing a network that supports both parallel and integrative function across motor and nonmotor circuits.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by NIH grants NS22311 and MH45573.

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  1. Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA

    Suzanne N. Haber

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Daniel Tarsy MD  & Daniel Tarsy MD  & 

  2. Neuromodulation Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA

    Jerrold L. Vitek MD, PhD

  3. Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Philip A. Starr MD, PhD

  4. Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA

    Michael S. Okun MD

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Haber, S.N. (2008). Functional Anatomy and Physiology of the Basal Ganglia: Non-motor Functions . In: Tarsy, D., Vitek, J.L., Starr, P.A., Okun, M.S. (eds) Deep Brain Stimulation in Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders. Current Clinical Neurology. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-360-8_2

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  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-952-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59745-360-8

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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