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Neuroimaging for the Evaluation of CAM Mechanisms

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Book cover Integrative Pain Medicine

Part of the book series: Contemporary Pain Medicine ((CPM))

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Summary

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) research is entering a new era where state-of-the-art neuroimaging modalities are able noninvasively to measure brain response in humans to both simple and complex CAM stimuli. While the neurophysiological mechanisms of action for many CAM treatments and pain are not well understood and controversy regarding their clinical efficacy remains, neuroimaging research can begin to decode any specific treatment-related mechanisms, if indeed they exist. This chapter will briefly outline the pain neuromatrix and modern neuroimaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), electroencephalography (EEG), and magnetoencephalography (MEG). We will also summarize neuroimaging results for several CAM treatments, though the focus will be on acupuncture, which has been most extensively researched with neuroimaging. Acupuncture is an ancient healing modality that originated in China and has been in use for over 2000 years. Importantly, acupuncture needling often evokes complex somatosensory sensations and may modulate the cognitive/affective perception of pain, suggesting that many effects are mediated by the brain and extending central nervous system (CNS) networks. Other CAM modalities evaluated with neuroimaging include meditation and biofeedback. We will also discuss future directions for CAM neuroimaging research, as this is a very dynamic and evolving field which may ultimately shed light on the mechanisms of action for several CAM treatments.

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Authors
  1. Vitaly Napadow
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  2. Rupali P. Dhond
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  3. Norman W. Kettner
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Spaulding, Massachusetts

    Joseph F. Audette MA, MD

  2. Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

    Allison Bailey MD

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Napadow, V., Dhond, R.P., Kettner, N.W. (2008). Neuroimaging for the Evaluation of CAM Mechanisms. In: Audette, J.F., Bailey, A. (eds) Integrative Pain Medicine. Contemporary Pain Medicine. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-344-8_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-344-8_4

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