Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) not only depicts anatomical details, but can be sensitized to the movement and deformation of soft tissues such as the muscle of the heart and can provide measurements of tissue motion at high resolution. A particularly useful class of methods for assessing the contractile function of the myocardial wall is displacement imaging. Magnetic resonance (MR) displacement imaging measures the change of position of tissue elements over a period of time starting from a reference time-point. In concept, it is similar to tracking the three-dimensional (3D) movement of implanted radio-opaque markers in cine fluoroscopy, but instead of using extraneous markers, controlled modulations of various aspects of tissue proton magnetization are utilized as noninvasive markers. Advances in phase modulation techniques allow all pixels of an image to be tracked simultaneously and therefore give high-density measurements of tissue motion.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Zerhouni EA, Parish DM, Rogers WJ, Yang A, Shapiro EP. Human heart: tagging with MR imaging—a method for noninvasive assessment of myocardial motion. Radiology 1988;169:59–63.
Axel L, Dougherty L. MR imaging of motion with spatial modulation of magnetization. Radiology 1989;171:841–845.
Callaghan PT, Eccles CD, Xia Y. NMR microscopy of dynamic displacements—k-space and q-space imaging. J Phys E-Sci Instrum 1988;21:820–822.
Reese TG, Wedeen VJ, Weisskoff RM. Measuring diffusion in the presence of material strain. J Magn Reson B 1996;112:253–258.
Chenevert TL, Skovoroda AR, O’Donnell M, Emelianov SY. Elasticity reconstructive imaging by means of stimulated echo MRI. Magn Reson Med 1998;39:482–490.
Aletras AH, Ding S, Balaban RS, Wen H. Displacement encoding in cardiac functional MRI. Proc Intl Soc Magn Reson Med April 1998:281.
Aletras AH, Ding S, Balaban RS, Wen H. DENSE: displacement encoding with stimulated echoes in cardiac functional MRI. J Magn Reson 1999;137:247–252.
Osman NF, Prince JL. Direct calculation of 2D components of myocardial strain using sinusoidal MR tagging. Proc SPIE Med Imag Conf July 1998:142–152.
Osman NF, Kerwin WS, McVeigh ER, Prince JL. Cardiac motion tracking using CINE harmonic phase (HARP) magnetic resonance imaging. Magn Reson Med 1999;42:1048–1060.
Aletras AH, Wen H. Methods and apparatus for mapping internal and bulk motion of an object with phase labeling in magnetic resonance imaging. International Application Published Under the Patent Cooperation Treaty. US Government 65185/00[773421], 1–38. 9-9-2004. Australia. 8-5-1999 2001; WO 01/11380 A2:10/12/2001.
Aletras AH, Arai AE. meta-DENSE complex acquisition for reduced intravoxel dephasing. J Magn Reson 2004;169:246–249.
Aletras AH, Wen H. Mixed echo train acquisition displacement encoding with stimulated echoes: an optimized DENSE method for in vivo functional imaging of the human heart. Magn Reson Med 2001;46:523–534.
Epstein FH, Gilson WD. Displacement-encoded cardiac MRI using cosine and sine modulation to eliminate (CANSEL) artifact-generating echoes. Magn Reson Med 2004;52:774–781.
Axel L, Dougherty L. Heart wall motion: improved method of spatial modulation of magnetization for MR imaging. Radiology 1989;172:349–350.
Fischer SE, McKinnon GC, Maier SE, Boesiger P. Improved myocardial tagging contrast. Magn Reson Med 1993;30:191–200.
Aletras AH, Freidlin RZ, Navon G, Arai AE. AIR-SPAMM: alternative inversion recovery spatial modulation of magnetization for myocardial tagging. J Magn Reson 2004;166:236–245.
Bazille A, Guttman MA, McVeigh ER, Zerhouni EA. Impact of semiautomated vs manual image segmentation errors on myocardial strain calculation by magnetic resonance tagging. Invest Radiol 1994;29:427–433.
McVeigh ER, Atalar E. Cardiac tagging with breath-hold cine MRI. Magn Reson Med 1992;28:318–327.
Aletras AH, Ingkanisorn WP, Mancini C, Arai AE. DENSE with SENSE. J Magn Reson 2005;176:99–106.
Pai VM, Wen H. Developing a navigator-guided approach to non-breathhold multiphase cardiac strain maps using DENSE. Soc Card Magn Reson 2003:386.
Kim D, Gilson WD, Kramer CM, Epstein FH. High-resolution myocardial tissue tracking with breathhold cine DENSE. Soc Card Magn Reson 2003;411.
Spottiswoode BS, Zhong X, Meintjes EM, Mayosi BM, Epstein FH. Improved myocardial tissue tracking and strain accuracy in cine-DENSE using temporal fitting. Proc Intl Soc Magn Reson Med 2005:778.
Kim D, Epstein FH, Gilson WD, Axel L. Increasing the signal-to-noise ratio in DENSE MRI by combining displacement-encoded echoes. Magn Reson Med 2004;52:188–192.
Osman NF. Detecting stiff masses using strain-encoded (SENC) imaging. Magn Reson Med 2003;49:605–608.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2008 Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Aletras, A.H., Wen, H. (2008). Quantitative MRI Techniques in Regional Myocardial Function. In: Kwong, R.Y. (eds) Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Contemporary Cardiology. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-306-6_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-306-6_5
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-673-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-59745-306-6
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)