Abstract
The “invasiveness” of most surgical and interventional procedures relies heavily on the physician ’s access to the operative field. In the majority of surgical specialties, a procedure is deemed less “invasive” when it is performed with limited or no incisions. In cardiac surgery, the invasiveness of an operation has at least two components: the incision and the presence of the cardiopulmonary bypass machine.
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Balaram, S.K., Markham, J., DeRose, J.J. (2008). Minimally Invasive Perfusion Techniques. In: Mongero, L.B., Beck, J.R. (eds) On Bypass. Current Cardiac Surgery. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-305-9_7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-305-9_7
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