Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
REFERENCES
Phillips LH, Torner J. Epidemiologic evidence for a changing natural history of myasthenia gravis. Neurology. 1996;47:1233–1238.
Phillips LH. The epidemiology of myasthenia gravis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2003;998:407–412.
Phillips LH, Torner JC, Anderson MS, Cox GM. The epidemiology of myasthenia gravis in central and western Virginia. Neurology, 1992;42:1888–1893.
Somnier FE, Keiding N, Paulson OB. Epidemiology of myasthenia gravis in Denmark. A longitudinal and comprehensive population survey. Arch Neurol. 1991;48:733–739.
Somnier FE. Increasing incidence of late-onset anti-AChR antibody-seropositive myasthenia gravis. Neurology. 2005;65:928–930.
Aragones JM, Bolibar I, Bonfill X et al. Myasthenia gravis: a higher than expected incidence in the elderly. Neurology. 2003;60:1024–1026.
Matsuda M, Dohi-Iijima N, Nakamura A et al. Increase in incidence of elderly-onset patients with myasthenia gravis in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. Intern Med. 2005;44:572–577.
Aarli JA, Romi F, Skeie GO, Gilhus NE. Myasthenia gravis in individuals over 40. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2003;998:424–431.
Donaldson DH, Ansher M, Horan S et al. The relationship of age to outcome in myasthenia gravis. Neurology. 1990;40:786–790.
Vincent A, McConville J, Farrugia ME, Newsom-Davis J. Seronegative myasthenia gravis. Semin Neurol. 2004;24:125–133.
Lavrnic D, Losen M, Vujic A et al. The features of myasthenia gravis with autoantibodies to MuSK. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005;76:1099–1102.
Hoch W, McConville J, Helms S et al. Auto-antibodies to the receptor tyrosine kinase MuSK in patients with myasthenia gravis without acetylcholine receptor antibodies. Nat Med. 2001;7:365–368.
Yeh JH, Chen WH, Chiu HC, Vincent A. Low frequency of MuSK antibody in generalized seronegative myasthenia gravis among Chinese. Neurology. 2004;62:2131–2132.
Lee JY, Sung JJ, Cho JY et al. MuSK antibody-positive, seronegative myasthenia gravis in Korea. J Clin Neurosci. 2006;13:353–5. Epub 2006 Mar 20.
Sanders DB, El-Salem K, Massey JM et al. Clinical aspects of MuSK antibody positive seronegative MG. Neurology. 2003;60:1978–1980.
Namba T, Brunner NG, Brown SB et al. Familial myasthenia gravis. Report of 27 patients in 12 families and review of 164 patients in 73 families. Arch Neurol. 1971;25:49–60.
Namba T, Shapiro MS, Brunner NG, Grob D. Myasthenia gravis occurring in twins. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1971;34:531–534.
Bergoffen J, Zmijewski CM, Fischbeck KH. Familial autoimmune myasthenia gravis. Neurology. 1994;44:551–554.
Kerzin-Storrar L, Metcalfe RA, Dyer PA et al. Genetic factors in myasthenia gravis: a family study. Neurology. 1988;38:38–42.
Evoli A, Batocchi AP, Zelano G et al. Familial autoimmune myasthenia gravis: report of four families. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1995;58:729–731.
Giraud M, Beaurain G, Yamamoto AM et al. Linkage of HLA to myasthenia gravis and genetic heterogeneity depending on anti-titin antibodies. Neurology. 2001;57:1555–1560.
Price P, Witt C, Allcock R et al. The genetic basis for the association of the 8.1 ancestral haplotype (A1, B8, DR3) with multiple immunopathological diseases. Immunol Rev. 1999;167:257–274.
Vandiedonck C, Giraud M, Garchon HJ. Genetics of autoimmune myasthenia gravis: the multifaceted contribution of the HLA complex. J Autoimmun. 2005;25 Suppl:6–11. Epub 2005 Nov 2.
Garchon HJ, Djabiri F, Viard JP et al. Involvement of human muscle acetylcholine receptor alpha-subunit gene (CHRNA) in susceptibility to myasthenia gravis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994;91:4668–4672.
Djabiri F, Caillat-Zucman S, Gajdos P et al. Association of the AChRalpha-subunit gene (CHRNA), DQA1*0101, and the DR3 haplotype in myasthenia gravis. Evidence for a three-gene disease model in a subgroup of patients. J Autoimmun. 1997;10:407–413.
Garchon HJ. Genetics of autoimmune myasthenia gravis, a model for antibody-mediated autoimmunity in man. J Autoimmun. 2003;21:105–110.
Kristiansen OP, Larsen ZM, Pociot F. CTLA-4 in autoimmune diseases--a general susceptibility gene to autoimmunity? Genes Immun. 2000;1:170–84.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Humana Press, a part of Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Lanford, J.W., Phillips, L.H. (2009). Epidemiology and Genetics of Myasthenia Gravis. In: Myasthenia Gravis and Related Disorders. Current Clinical Neurology. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-156-7_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-156-7_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-852-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-59745-156-7
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)