Abstract
Sleep disorders affect people at all stages of life. For women, sleep complaints may vary by hormonal status as well as endocrine life stage. Certain broad perceptions about sleep and sleep disorders are supported by population surveys (1). Elderly women seem to have more insomnia complaints, women develop sleep problems with pregnancy and menopause (1-3), and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) increases in the postmenopausal population (4). Despite these perceptions, study findings may be inconclusive or contradictory. In earlier research, gender-specific aspects are not distinguished within the study populations. Other older studies of women do not identify hormonal condition or cycle status. Formal research in these areas and the differing effects of hormonal status on sleep disorders is a more recent focus of the sleep community. This chapter provides an overview of the current perceptions of the effects of life stage and reproductive status on sleep disorders in women from menarche through menopause.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
National Sleep Foundation. Sleep in America Poll 2002. Accessed at http://www.sleepfoundation.org, 2002 Sleep in American Poll.
Schweiger, M.S., Sleep disturbance in pregnancy: a subjective survey. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1972;114(7);879–882.
Anderson, E., S. Hamburger, J.H. Liu, and R.W. Rebar, Characteristics of menopausal women seeking assistance. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1987;156:428–433.
Dancy, D.R., P.J. Hanly, C. Soong, B. Lee, and V. Hoffstein, Impact of menopause on the prevalence and severity of sleep apnea. Chest, 2001;120(1):151–155.
Carskadon, M.A., K. Harvey, P. Duke, T.F. Anders, I.F. Litt, and W.C. Dement, Pubertal changes in daytime sleepiness. Sleep, 1980;2(4):453–460.
Dexter, D., J. Bijwadia, D. Schilling, and G. Applebaugh, Sleep, sleepiness and school start times: a preliminary study. WMJ, 2003;102(1):44–46.
Fuentes-Pradera, M.A., A. Sanchez-Armengol, F. Capote-Gil, et al., Effects of sex on sleepdisordered breathing in adolescents. Eur Respir J, 2004;23:250–254.
International Classification of Sleep Disorders (2nd ed.). Westchester IL: American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 2005.
Driver, H.S., D.J. Dijk, E. Werth, K. Biedermann, and A. Borbely, Sleep and the sleep EEG across the menstrual cycle in young healthy women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 1996;81:728–735.
Lee, K.A., J.F. Shaver, E.C. Giblin, and N.F. Woods, Sleep patterns related to menstrual cycle phase and premenstrual affective syndrome. Sleep, 1990;13(5):403–409.
Patkai, P., G. Johannson, and B. Post, Mood, alertness and sympathetic-adrenal medullary activity during the menstrual cycle. Psychosom Med, 1974;36:503–512.
Ishizuka, Y., A. Usui, K. Shirasishi, et al., A subjective evaluation of sleep during the menstrual cycle. Sleep Res, 1989;18:421.
Ho, A., Sex hormones and the sleep of women. Sleep Res, 1972;1:184.
Williams, D.L., and A.W. MacLean, Relationship between the menstrual cycle and the sleep of young women. Sleep Res, 1980;9:129.
Hartmann, E., Dreaming sleep (the D-state) and the menstrual cycle. J Nerv Ment Dis, 1966;143:406–416.
Sheldrake, P. and M. Cormack, Variations in menstrual cycle symptom reporting. J Psychosom Res, 1976;20:169–177.
Parry, B.L., N. Mostofi, B. LeVeau, et al., Sleep EEG studies during early and late partial sleep deprivation in premenstrual dysphoric disorder and normal controls. Psych Res, 1999;85:127–143.
Mauri, M., R.L. Reid, and A.W. Maclean, Sleep in the premenstrual phase: a self report study of PMS patients and normal controls. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 1988;78:82–86.
Chuong, C.J., S.R. Kim, O. Taskin, and I. Karacan, Sleep pattern changes in menstrual cycles of women with premenstrual syndrome: a preliminary study. Am J Obstet Gynecol Online, 1997;177.
Burdick, R.S., R. Hoffman, and R. Armitage, Short note: oral contraceptives and sleep in healthy and depressed women. Sleep, 2002;25(3):347–349.
Baratte-Beebe, K.R. and K. Lee, Sources of midsleep awakenings in childbearing women. Clin Nurs Res, 1999;8(4):386–397.
Mindell, J.A. and B.J. Jacobson, Sleep disturbances during pregnancy. J Obstet, Gynecol, Neonatal Nurs, 2000;29(6):590–597.
Hening, W., R. Allen, C. Earley, C. Kushida, D. Picchietti, and M. Silber, The treatment of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder. Sleep, 1999;22(7):970–999.
Ekbom, K.A., Restless legs. In: Handbook of Clinical Neurology (P.J. Vinken and G.W. Bruyn, eds.). Amsterdam: North Holland Publishing Company 1970:311–320.
Coleman, R.M., L.E. Miles, C.C. Guilleminault, V.P. Zarcone, J. van den Hoed, and W.C. Dement, Sleep-wake disorders in the elderly: polysomnographic analysis. J Am Geriatr Soc, 1981;29:289–296.
Manconi, M. and L. Ferini-Strambi, Restless legs syndrome among pregnant women. Sleep, 2004;27(2):250.
Manconi, M., V., Govoni, E. Cesnik, et al., Epidemiology of the restless legs syndrome in a population of 606 pregnant women. Sleep, 2003;26:A330.
Suzuki, K., T. Ohida, T. Sone, et al., The prevalence of restless legs syndrome among pregnant women in Japan and the relationship between restless legs syndrome and sleep problems. Sleep, 2003;26(6):673–677.
Lee, K.A., M.E. Zaffke, and K. Baratte-Beebe, Restless legs syndrome and sleep disturbance during pregnancy: the role of folate and iron. J Wom Health Gender-Based Med, 2001;10(1):335–341.
Early, C.J., J.R. Connor, J.L. Beard, E.A. Malecki, D.K. Epstein, and R.P. Allen, Abnormalities in CSF concentrations of ferritin and transferring in restless legs syndrome. Neurology, 2000;54:1698.
Pien, G.W. and R.J. Schwabe, Sleep disorders during pregnancy. Sleep, 2004;27(7):1405–1417.
Schutte, S., A. Del Conte, K. Doghramji, et al., Snoring during pregnancy and its impact on fetal outcome. Sleep Res, 1994;24:199.
Loube, D.I., S. Poceta, M.C. Morales, M.D. Peacock, and M.M. Mitler, Self-reported snoring in pregnancy: association with fetal outcome. Chest, 1996;109:885–889.
Hedman, C., T. Pohjasvaara, U. Tolonen, et al., Effects of pregnancy on mother’s sleep. Sleep Med, 2002;3:37–42.
Franklin, K.A., P.A. Holmgren, F. Jonsson, et al., Snoring, pregnancy-induced hypertension, and growth retardation of the fetus. Chest, 2000;117:137–141.
Maasilta, P., A. Bachour, K. Teramo, O. Polo, and L.A. Laitinen, Sleep-related disordered breathing during pregnancy in obese women. Chest, 2001;120:1448–1454.
Nikkola, E., U. Ekblad, K. Ekholm, H. Mikola, and O. Polo, Sleep in multiple pregnancy: breathing patterns, oxygenation and periodic leg movements. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1996;174:1622–1625.
Charbonneau, M., T. Falcone, M. Cosio, R.D. Levy, Obstructive sleep apnea during pregnancy: therapy and implications for fetal health. Am Rev Respir Dis, 1991;144:461–463.
Kowall, J., G. Clark, G. Nino-Murcia, and N. Powell, Precipitation of obstructive sleep apnea during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol, 1989;74:453–455.
Edwards, N., D.M. Blyton, T. Krjavaninen, G.J. Kesby, and C.E. Sullivan, Nasal continuous positive airway pressure reduces sleep-induced blood pressure increments in preeclampsia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2000;162:252–257.
Brincat, M. and J.W.W. Studd, Menopause: a multisystem disease. Ballieres Clin Obstet Gynaecol, 1988;2:289–316.
Young, T., D. Rabago, A. Zgierska, D. Austin, and L. Finn, Objective and subjective sleep quality in premenopausal, perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study. Sleep, 2003;26(6):667–672.
Anderer, P., H.V. Semlistch, B. Saletu, et al., Effects of hormone replacement therapy on perceptual and cognitive event-related potentials in menopausal insomnia. Pyschoneuroendocrinology, 2003;28:419–445.
Berger, K., J. Luedemann, C. Trenkwalder, U. John, and C. Kessler, Sex and the risk of restless legs syndrome in the general population. Arch Intern Med, 2004;164:196–202.
Ulfberg, J., B. Nystrom, N. Carter, and C. Edling, Restless legs syndrome among working-aged women. Eur Neurol, 2001;46:17–19.
Allen, R.P. and C.J. Earley, Defining the phenotype of the restless legs syndrome using age of symptom onset. Sleep Med, 2000;1:11–19.
Rothdack, A.J., C. Trenkwalder, J. Haberstock, U. Keil, and K. Berger, Prevalence and risk factors of RLS in an elderly population: the MEMO study. Neurology, 2000;54:1064–1068.
Ledoux, M., J. Lambert, B.A. Reeder, and J.P. Depres, Canadian Heart Health Surveys Research Group. Correlation between cardiovascular risk factors and simple anthropometric measures. Can Med Assoc J, 1997;157(1 Suppl):S46–S53.
Rubinstein, I., V. Hoffstein, and T.D. Bradley, Lung volume-related changes in the pharyngeal area of obese females with and without obstructive sleep apnea. Eur Respir J, 1989;2:344–351.
Popovic, R.M. and D.P. White, Influence of gender on waking genioglossal electromyogram and upper airway resistance. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 1995;152:725–731.
Rowley, J.A., X. Zhou, I. Vergine, et al., Influence of gender on upper airway mechanics: upper airway resistance on Pcrit. J Appl Physiol, 2001;91(5):2248–2254.
Popovic, R.M. and D.P. White, Upper airway muscle activity in normal women: influence of hormonal status. J Appl Physiol,1998;84(3):1055–1062.
Bixler, E.O., A.N. Vgontzas, H. Lin, et al. Prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in women: effects of gender. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2001;163:608–613.
Resta, O., G. Caratozzolo, N. Pannacciulli, et al., Gender, age and menopause effects on the prevalence and the characteristics of obstructive sleep apnea in obesity. Eur J Clin Invest, 2003;33(12):1084–1089.
Millman, R.P., C.C. Carlisle, S.T. McGarvey, S.E. Eveloff, and P.D. Levinson, Body fat distribution and sleep apnea severity in women. Chest, 1995;107:362–366.
Young, T., L. Finn, D. Austin, and A. Peterson, Menopausal status and sleep-disordered breathing in the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2003;167:1181–1185.
Polo-Kantola, P., E. Rauhala, H. Helenius, R. Erkkola, K. Irjala, and O. Polo, Breathing during sleep in menopause: a randomized, controlled, crossover trial with estrogen therapy. Obstet Gynecol, 2003;102:68–75.
Cistulli, P.A., D.J. Barnes, R.R. Grunstein, and C.E. Sullivan, Effect of short term hormone replacement in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea in postmenopausal women. Thorax, 1994;49:699–702.
Pickett, C.K., J.G. Regensteiner, W.D. Woodard, D.D. Hagerman, J.V. Weil, and L.G. Moore, Progestin and estrogen reduce sleep-disordered breathing in postmenopausal women. J Appl Physiol, 1989;66(4):1656–1661.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2006 Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Goldberg, R. (2006). Normal Reproductive and Endocrine Life Stages and Their Impact on Different Sleep Disorders. In: Attarian, H.P. (eds) Sleep Disorders in Women. Current Clinical Neurology. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-115-4_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-115-4_5
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-592-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-59745-115-4
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)