Skip to main content

What Is the Appropriate Imaging of the Polycystic Ovary

  • Chapter
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Part of the book series: Contemporary Endocrinology ((COE))

  • 1309 Accesses

Summary

The need for a calibrated imaging of polycystic ovaries (PCO) is now stronger than ever since the recent consensus conference held in Rotterdam, May 1–3, 2003. However, imaging PCO is not an easy procedure, and it requires a thorough technical and medical background. The two-dimensional (2-D) ultrasonography (U/S) remains the standard for imaging PCO and the current consensus definition of PCO determined at the joint ASRM/ESHRE consensus meeting on PCOS rests on this technique: either 12 or more follicles measuring 2–9 mm in diameter and/or increased ovarian volume (>10 cm3). The other techniques such as Doppler, 3-D U/S, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can help for the diagnosis but are so far only second-line techniques.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Balen AH, Laven JSE, Tan SL, Dewailly D. Ultrasound assessment of the polycystic ovary: international consensus definitions. Human Reprod Update 2003;9: 505–514.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. The Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM-sponsored PCOS consensus workshop group. Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Human Reprod 2004;19: 41–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Sample WF, Lippe BM, Gyepes MT. Grey-scale ultrasonography of the normal female pelvis. Radiology 1977;125: 477–483.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Adams JM, Polson DW, Abulwadi N, Morris DV, Franks S, Mason HD, Tucker M, Price J, Jacobs HS. Multifollicular ovaries: clinical and endocrine features and response to pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Lancet 1985;2: 1375–1378.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Orsini LF, Venturoli S, Lorusso R. Ultrasonic findings in polycystic ovarian disease. Fertil Steril 1985;43: 709–714.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Yeh HC, Futterweit W, Thornton JC. Polycystic ovarian disease: US features in 104 patients. Radiology 1987;163: 111–116.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Van Santbrink EJP, Hop WC, Fauser BCJM. Classification of normogonadotropic infertility: polycystic ovaries diagnosed by ultrasound versus endocrine characteristics of polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 1997;67: 452–458.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Pache TD, Wladimiroff JW, Hop WCJ, Fauser BCJM. How to descriminate between normal and polycystic ovaries: transvaginal US study. Radiology 1992;183: 421–423.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Fulghesu AM, Ciampelli M, Belosi C, Apa R, et al. A new ultrasound criterion for the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome: the ovarian stroma total area ratio. Fertil Steril 2001;76: 326–331.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Jonard S, Robert Y, Dewailly D. Revisiting the ovarian volume as a diagnostic criterion for polycystic ovaries. Hum Reprod 2005;20:2893–2898.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Carmina E, Orio F, Palomba S, Longo RA, Lombardi G, Lobo RA. Ovarian size and blood flow in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and their correlations with endocrine parameters. Fertil Steril 2005;84:413–419.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Jonard S, Robert Y, Cortet-Rudelli C, Pigny P, Decanter C, Dewailly D. Ultrasound examination of polycystic ovaries: is it worth counting the follicles? Human Reprod 2003;18: 598–603.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Allemand MC, Tummon IS, Phy JL, Foong SC, Dumesic DA, Session DR. Diagnosis of polycystic ovaries by three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound. Fertil Steril 2006;85:214–219.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Venturoli S, Porcu E, Fabbri R, Paradisi R, Orsini LF and Flamigni C. Ovaries and menstrual cycles in adolescence. Gynecol Obstet Invest 1983;17: 219–223.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Stanhope R, Adams J, Jacobs HS and Brook CG. Ovarian ultrasound assessment in normal children, idiopathic precocious puberty, and during low dose pulsatile gonadotrophin releasing hormone treatment of hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. Arch Dis Child 1985; 60: 116–119.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Reyss AC, Merlen E, Demerle C, Dewailly D. Revelation of a polymicrocystic ovary syndrome after one month’s treatment by pulsatile GnRH in a patient presenting with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea. Gynecol Obstet Fertil 2003;31: 1039–1042.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Ardaens Y, Robert Y, Lemaitre L, Fossati P, Dewailly D. Polycystic ovarian disease: contribution of vaginal endosonography and reassessment of ultrasonic diagnosis. Fertil Steril 1991;55: 1062–1068.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Dewailly D., Robert Y, Helin I, et al. Ovarian stromal hypertrophy in hyperandrogenic women. Clinical Endocrinology 1994;41: 557–562.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Robert Y, Dubrulle F, Gaillandre G et al. Ultrasound assessment of ovarian stroma hypertrophy in hyperandrogenism and ovulation disorders: visual analysis versus computerized quantification. Fertil Steril 1995;64: 307–312.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Pache TD, Hop WC, Wladimiroff JW, Schipper J and Fauser BCJM. Transvaginal sonography and abnormal ovarian appearance in menstrual cycle disturbances. Ultrasound Med Biol 1991;17: 589–593.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Al-Took S, Watkin K, Tulandi T, Tan SL. Ovarian stromal echogenicity in women with clomiphene citrate-sensitive and clomiphene citrate-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 1999;71: 952–954.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Buckett WM, Bouzayen R, Watkin KL, Tulandi T, Tan SL. Ovarian stromal echogenicity in women with normal and polycystic ovaries. Human Reprod 1999;14: 618–621.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Battaglia C, Artini PG, Salvatori M, Giulini S, Petraglia F, Maxia N, Volpe A. Ultrasonographic pattern of polycystic ovaries: color Doppler and hormonal correlations. Ultrasound Gynaecol Obstet 1998;11: 332–336.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Wu M-H, Tang H-H, Hsu C-C, Wang S-T, Huang K-E. The role of three-dimensional ultrasonographic imaging in ovarian measurment. Fertil Steril 1998; 69:1152–1155.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Kyei-Mensah A, Maconochie N, Zaidi J, Pittrof R, Campbell S, Tan SL. Transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound: accuracy of ovarian follicular volume measurements. Fertil Steril 1996;65:371–376.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Kyei-Mensah A, Zaidi J, Campbell S. Ultrasound diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome. Baillieres Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996;10:249–262.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Kyei-Mensah A, Tan SL, Zaidi J, Jacobs HS. Relationship of ovarian stromal volume to serum androgen concentrations in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Human Reprod 1998;13: 1437–1441.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Nardo LG, Buckett WM and Khullar V. Determination of the best-fitting ultrasound formulaic method for ovarian volume measurement in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2003;79: 632–633.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Battaglia C, Artini PG, Genazzani AD, Sgherzi MR, Salvatori M, Giulini S, Volpe A. Color Doppler analysis in lean and obese women with polycystic ovaries. Ultrasound Gynaecol Obstet 1996;7: 342–346.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Battaglia C, Genazzani AD, Salvatori M, et al. Doppler, ultrasonographic and endocrinological environment with regard to the number of small subcapsular follicles in polycystic ovary syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol 1999;13: 123–129.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Aleem FA, Predanic MP. Transvaginal color Doppler determination of the ovarian and uterine blood flow characteristics in polycystic ovary disease. Fertil Steril 1996;65:510–516.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Zaidi J, Campbell S, Pittrof R, Kyei-Mensah A, Shaker A, Jacobs HS, Tan SL. Ovarian stromal blood flow in women with polycystic ovaries: a possible new marker for diagnosis? Human Reprod 1995,10:1992–1996.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Agrawal R, Conway G, Sladkevicius P, Tan SL, Engmann L, Payne N, Bekir J, Campbell S, Jacobs H. Serum vascular endothelial growth factor and Doppler blood flow velocities in in vitro fertilization: relevance to ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and polycystic ovaries. Fertil Steril 1998; 70:651–658.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Engmann L, Sladkevicius P, Agrawal LR, Bekir JS, Campbell S, Tan SL. Value of ovarian stromal blood flow velocity measurement after pituitary suppression in the prediction of ovarian responsiveness and outcome of in vitro fertilization treatment. Fertil Steril 1999;71: 22–29.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Maubon A, Courtieu C, Vivens F, Tailland ML, Saucerotte H, Bringer J, Mares P, Rouanet JP. Magnetic resonance imaging of normal and polycystic ovaries. Preliminary results. Ann N Y Acad Scie 1993;687:224–229.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Kimura I, Togashi K, Kawakami S, Nakano Y, Takakura K, Mori T, Konishi J. Polycystic ovaries: implications of diagnosis with MR imaging. Radiology 1996;201:549–552.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Woodward PJ, Gilfeather M. Magnetic resonance imaging of the female pelvis. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 1998;19:90–103.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Yoo RY, Sirlin CB, Gottschalk M, Chang RJ. Ovarian imaging by magnetic resonance in obese adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome: a pilot study. Fertil Steril 2005;84:985–995.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2008 Humana Press

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Jonard, S., Robert, Y., Ardaens, Y., Dewailly, D. (2008). What Is the Appropriate Imaging of the Polycystic Ovary. In: Dunaif, A., Chang, R.J., Franks, S., Legro, R.S. (eds) Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Contemporary Endocrinology. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-108-6_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-108-6_3

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-831-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59745-108-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics