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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome pp 185–196Cite as

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and the Metabolic Syndrome Long-Term Risks

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Part of the book series: Contemporary Endocrinology ((COE))

Summary

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous clinical entity defined as the association of hyperandrogenism with chronic anovulation and the appearance of polycystic ovaries on sonography. Infertility is part of the syndrome but could be successfully treated with modern reproductive techniques. Hirsutism can be managed with drugs that suppress ovarian function, increase sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels and/or blocking androgen receptors or 5-alpha reductase. A topical agent inhibiting ornithine decarboxylase also ameliorates excessive facial terminal hair growth. The causative correlation between PCOS and endometrial cancer is established, and possibly, there is also a link between PCOS and breast cancer. Women with PCOS share many features in common with the metabolic syndrome (MS), in particular. In 1921, Achard and Thiers 1 described the bearded diabetic, but it was not until 1980 that more systematic research focussed on the relation between hyperandrogenism and hyperinsulinism 2 in obese affected women. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is substantially increased in women with PCOS. However, despite the increased risk factors, evidence for increased mortality due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) has not been found. Awareness of the deleterious effects of sedentary life style and active promotion of healthy eating habits and physical activity is essential. Promising results have been shown with insulin sensitizers, but long-term follow-up studies are needed.

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Authors
  1. Eva Dahlgren MD PHD
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  2. Per Olof Janson MD PHD
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL

    Andrea Dunaif MD

  2. Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA

    R. Jeffrey Chang MD

  3. Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK

    Stephen Franks MD, FMEDSCI

  4. Department of Ob/Gyn, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA

    Richard S. Legro MD

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Dahlgren, E., Janson, P.O. (2008). Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and the Metabolic Syndrome Long-Term Risks. In: Dunaif, A., Chang, R.J., Franks, S., Legro, R.S. (eds) Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Contemporary Endocrinology. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-108-6_12

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