Skip to main content

Seasonal, Weekly, and Circadian Variability of Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke

  • Chapter
Blood Pressure Monitoring in Cardiovascular Medicine and Therapeutics

Abstract

Circadian rhythms have been recognized in many biological phenomena, including secretion of hormones, activities of the autonomic nervous system, and various cardiovascular pathologies. Transient myocardial ischemia (1,2), acute myocardial infarction (3), embolism (4), rupture of aortic aneurysms (5), sudden cardiac death (6), and death as a result of hypertension, ischemic heart disease, and cerebrovascular disease (7) have been shown to follow a certain circadian pattern; the same has been observed in the onset of stroke.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Stern S, Tzivoni D. Early detection of silent ischemic heart disease by 24-hour electrocardiographic monitoring of active subjects. Br Heart J 1974;36:481–486.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Rocco MB, Barry J, Campbell S, et al. Circadian variation of transient myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation 1987;75:395–400.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Muller JE, Stone PH, Turi ZG, et al., and the MILLIS Study Group. Circadian variation in the frequency of onset of acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1985;313:1315–1322.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Dewar HA, Weightman D. A study of embolism in mitral valve disease and atrial fibrillation. Br Heart J 1983;49:133–140.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Manfredini R, Portaluppi F, Zamboni P, Salmi R, Gallerani M. Circadian variation in spontaneous rupture of abdominal aorta. Lancet 1999;353:643–644.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Willich SN, Levy D, Rocco MB, Tofler GH, Stone PH, Muller JE. Circadian variation in the incidence of sudden cardiac death in the Framingham Heart Study population. Am J Cardiol 1987;60:801–806.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Mittler MM, Hajdukovic RM, Shafor R, Hahn PM, Kripke DF. When people die. Cause of death versus time of death. Am J Med 1987;82:266–274.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Gallerani M, Manfredini R, Ricci L, et al. Chronobiological aspects of acute cerebrovascular diseases. Acta Neurol Scand 1993;87:482–487.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Garrison FH. An Introduction to the History of Medicine, With Medical Chrononlogy, Suggestions for Study and Bibliographic Data. 4th ed., Saunders, Philadelphia, PA, 1929, p. 67.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Gintrac E. Traite Theorique et Pratique de L’Appareil Nerveux, Vol 2. Germer-Bailliere, Paris, France, 1869, p. 467.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Gowers WR (1893) Diseases of the Nervous System, Vol. 2, 2nd ed. Churchill, London, UK, 1893, p. 388.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Aring CD, Merritt HH. Differential diagnosis between cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral thrombosis. Arch Intern Med 1935;56:435–456.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Bokonjic R, Zec N. Strokes and the weather. A quantitative statistical study. J Neurol Sci 1968;6:483–491.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. McDowell FH, Louis S, Monahan K. Seasonal variation of non-embolic cerebral infarction. J Chron Dis 1970;23:29–32.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Olivares L, Castaneda E, Grife A, Alter M. Risk factors in stroke: a clinical study in Mexican patients. Stroke 1973;4:773–781.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Christie D. Stroke in Melbourne, Australia: an epidemiologic study. Stroke 1981;12(4):467–469.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Ramirez-Lassepas M, Haus E, Lakatua DJ. Seasonal (Circannual) periodicity of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in Minnesota. Ann Neurol 1980;8:539–541.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Haberman S, Capildeo R, Clifford Rose F. The seasonal variation in mortality from cerebrovascular disease. J Neurol Sci 1981;52:25–36.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Suzuki K, Kutsuzawa T, Takita K, et al. Clinico-epidemiologic study of stroke in Akita, Japan. Stroke 1987;18:402–406.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Sobel E, Zhang Z, Alter M, et al. Stroke in Lehig Valley: seasonal variation in incidence rates. Stroke 1987;18:38–42.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Gill JS, Davies P, Gill SK, Beevers DG. Wind-chill and the seasonal variation of cerebrovascular disease. J Clin Epidemiol 1988;41(3):225–230.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Biller J, Jones MP, Bruno A, Adams Jr. HP, Banwart K. Seasonal variation of stroke-does it exist? Neuroepidemiology 1988;7:89–98.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Pasqualetti P, Natali G, Casale R, Colantonio D. Epidemiological chronorisk of stroke. Acta Neurol Scand 1990;81:71–74.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Shinkawa A, Ueda K, Hasuo Y, Kiyohara Y, Fujishima M. Seasonal variation in stroke incidence in Hisayama, Japan. Stroke 1990;21:1262–1267.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Bull GM. Meteorological correlates with myocardial and cerebral infarction and respiratory disease. Br J Prev Soc Med 1973;27:108–113.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Chyatte D, Chen T, Bronstein K, Brass L. Seasonal fluctuations in the incidence of intracranial aneurysm rupture and its relationship to changing climatic conditions. Stroke 1993;24:187.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Woo J, Kay R, Nicholls MG. Environmental temperature and stroke in a subtropical climate. Neuroepidemiology 1991;10:260–265.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Berginer VM, Goldsmith J, Batz U, Vardi H, Shapiro Y. Clustering of strokes in association with meteorologic factors in the Negev Desert of Israel: 1981–1983. Stroke 1989;20:65–69.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Ricci S, Celani MG, Vitali R, La Rosa F, Righetti E, Duca E. Diurnal and seasonal variations in the occurrence of stroke: a community-based study. Neuroepidemiology 1992;11:59–64.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Capon A, Demeurisse G, Zheng L. Seasonal variation of cerebral hemorrhage in 236 consecutive cases in brussels. Stroke 1992;23:24–27.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Vinall PE, Maislin G, Michele JJ, Deitch C, Simeone FA. Seasonal and latitudinal occurance of cerebral vasospasm and subarachnoid hemorrhage in the Northern Hemisphere. Epidemiology 1994;5:302–308.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Kelly-Hayes M, Wolf PA, Kase CS, Brand FN, McGuirk JM, D’Agostion RB. Temporal patterns of stroke onset. The Framingham Study. Stroke 1995;26:1343–1347.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Brennan PJ, Greenberg G, Miall WE, Thompson SG. Seasonal variation in arterial blood pressure. Br Med J 1982;285:919–923.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Alter M, Christoferson L, Resch J, Myers G, Ford J. Cerebrovascular disease: frequency and population selectivity in an upper midwestern community. Stroke 1970;1:454–465.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Keatinge WR, Coleshaw SRK, Cotter F, Mattock M, Murphy M, Chelliah R. Increases in platelet and red cell counts, blood viscosity, and arterial pressure during mild surface cooling: factors in mortality from coronary and cerebral thrombosis in winter. Br Med J 1984;289:1405–1408.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Bleiler RE, Yearick ES, Schnur SS, Singson IL, Ohlson MA. Seasonal variation of cholesterol in serum of men and women. Am J Clin Nutr 1963;12:12–16.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Doyle JT, Kinch SH, Brown DF. Seasonal variation in serum cholesterol concentration. J Chron Dis 1965;18:657–664.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Gordon DJ, Hyde J, Trost DC, et al. Cyclic seasonal variation in plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels: the Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial Placebo Group. J Clin Epidemiol 1988;41:679–689.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Brackenridge CJ. Daily variation and other factors affecting the occurrence of cerebrovascular accidents. J Gerontol 1981;36(2):176–179.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Johansson BB, Norrving B, Widner H, Wu J, Halberg F. Stroke incidence: circadian and circaseptan (about weekly) variations in onset. In: Chronobiology: Its Role in Clinical Medicine, General Biology and Agriculture, Wiley-Liss, Inc., 1990, pp. 427–436.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Hossmann V. Circadian changes of blood pressure and stroke. In: Zulch KJ, ed, Cerebral Circulation and Stroke, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1971, pp. 203–208.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Marshall J. Diurnal variation in occurrence of strokes. Stroke 1977;8:230–231.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Arboix A, Marti-Vilalta JL. Acute atroke and circadian rhythm (lett). Stroke 1990;21:826.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Wroe SJ, Sandercock, Bamford J, Dennis M, Slattery J, Warlow C. Diurnal variation in the incidence of stroke: Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project. BMJ 1992;304:155–157.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Sloan MA, Price TR, Foulkes MA, et al. Circadian rhythmicity of stroke onset. Stroke 1992;23:1420–1426.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Marsh EE, Biller J, Adams HP, et al. Circadian variation in onset of acute ischemic stroke. Arch Neurol 1990;47:1178–1180.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Argentiono C, Toni D, Rasura M, et al. Circadian variation in the frequency of ischemic stroke. Stroke 1990;21:387–389.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Jovicic A. Bioritam i ishemicni cerebrovaskularni poremecaji. Vojnosanitetski Pregled 1983;40:347–351.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Marler JR, Price TR, Clark GL, et al. Morning increase in onset of ischemic stroke. Stroke 1989;20:473–476.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Tsementzis SA, Gill JS, Hitchcock ER, Gill SK, Beevers DG. Diurnal variation of and activity during the onset of stroke. Neurosurgery 1985;17:901–904.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Agnoli A, Manfredi M, Mossuto L, Piccinelli A. Rapport entre les rythmes hemeronyctaux de la tension arterielle et sa pathogenie de l’insuffisance vasculaire cerebrale. Rev Neurol (Paris) 1975;131:597–606.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Lago A, Geffner D, Tembl J, Landete L, Valero C, Baquero M. Circadian variation in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 1998;29:1873–1875.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Pardiwalla FK, Yeolekar ME, Bakshi SK. Circadian rhythms in acute stroke. JAPI 1993;41(4):203–204.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Kaps M, Busse O, Hofmann O. Zur circadianen haufigkeitsverteilung ischamischer insulte. Nervenarzt 1983;54:655–657.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Van Der Windt C, Van Gijn J. Cerebral infarction does not occur typically at night. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1988;51:109–111.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Ince B. Circadian variation in stroke (lett). Arch Neurol 1992;49:900.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Alberts MJ. Circadian variation in stroke (lett). Arch Neurol 1991;48:790.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Marler J. (1997) Circadian variation in stroke onset. In: Deedwania PC, ed, Circadian Rhythms of Cardiovascular Disorders, Futura Publishing Co., Inc., Armonk, NY, 1997, pp. 163–172.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Butchart EG, De la Santa PM, Rooney SJ, Lewis PA. The role of risk factors and trigger factors in cerebrovascular events after mitral valve replacement: implications for antithrombotic management. J Card Surg 1994;9(Suppl):228–236.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Millar-Craig MW, Bishop CN, Raftery EB. Circadian variation of blood-pressure. Lancet 1978;i:795–797.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Kario K, Pickering TG, Umeda Y, et al. Morning surge in blood pressure as a predictor of silent and clinical cerebrovascular disease in elderly hypertensives: a prospective study. Circulation 2003;107(10):1401–1406.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Muller C. Die messung des blutdrucks am schlafenden als klinische methode. Act Med Scand 1921;55:381–485.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Mueller SC, Brown GE. Hourly rhythms in blood pressure in persons with normal and elevated pressures. Ann Int Med 1930;3:1190–1200.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Shaw DB, Knapp MS, Davies DH. Variations of blood pressure in hypertensives during sleep. Lancet 1963;I:797–799.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Richardson DW, Honour AJ, Fenton GW, Stott FH, Pickering GW. Variation in arterial pressure throughout the day and night. Clin Sci 1964;26:445–460.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. O’Brien O, Sheridan J, O’Malley K. Dippers and non-dippers. Lancet 1988;i:397.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Phillips RA, Sheinart K, Godbold JH, Tuhrim S. Absence of nocturnal dip in blood pressure increases stroke in a multi-ethnic population. Hypertension 1998;32:606A.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Kario K, Shimada K. Change in diurnal blood pressure rhythm due to small lacunar infarct. Lancet 1994;344(8916):200.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Shimada K, Kawamoto A, Matsubayashi K, Nishinaga M, Kimura S, Ozawa T. Diurnal blood pressure variations and silent cerebrovascular damage in elderly patients with hypertension. J Hypertens 1992;10:875–878.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Sander D, Klingelhofer J. Changes of circadian blood pressure patterns after hemodynamic and thromboembolic brain infarction. Stroke 1994;25:1730–1737.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Yamamoto Y, Akiguchi I, Oiwa K, Satoi H, Kimura J. Diminished nocturnal blood pressure decline and lesion site in cerebrovascular disease. Stroke 1995;26:829–833.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Pierach A. (1971) Local and relative hypotension as the cause of cerebrovascular accidents. In: Zulch KJ, ed., Cerebral Circulation and Stroke, Springer Verlag, New York, 1971, pp. 198–202.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Zulch KJ. (1977) Clinical ischemia: brain infarcts. In: Zulch KJ, Kaufmann W, Hossmann KA, Hossmann V, eds, Brain and Heart Infarct, Springer Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York, 1977, pp. 288–296.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Kario K, Matsuo T, Kobayashi H, Imiya M, Matsuo M, Shimada K. Nocturnal fall of blood pressure and silent cerebrovascular damage in elderly hypertensive patients: advanced silent cerebrovascular damage in extreme dippers. Hypertension 1996;27:130–135.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Imai Y, Tsuji I, Nagai K, et al. Circadian blood pressure variation related to morbidity and mortality from cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases. Ann NY Acad Sci 1996;783:173–185.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. Kubota K, Sakurai T, Tamura J, Shirakura T. Is the circadian change in hematocrit and blood viscosity a factor triggering cerebral and myocardial infarction? Stroke 1987;18:812–813.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Rosing DR, Brakman P, Redwood DR, et al. Blood fibrinolytic activity in man. Circ Res 1970;27:171–184.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Andreotti F, Davies GJ, Hackett DR, et al. Major circadian fluctuations in fibrinolytic factors and possible relevance to time of onset of myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death and stroke. Am J Cardiol 1988;62:635–637.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Mehta JL, Lawson D, Mehta P, Lopez L. Circadian variation in platelet aggregation and alpha 2 adrenoceptor binding affinity. Circulation 1987;76(Suppl IV):IV–364.

    Google Scholar 

  80. Brezinski DA, Tofler GH, Muller JE, et al. Morning increase in platelet aggregability. Association with assumption of the upright posture. Circulation 1988;78:35–40.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Gordon RD, Wolfe LK, Island DP, Liddle GW. A diurnal rhythm in plasma renin activity in man. J Clin Inves 1966;45(10):1587–1592.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Quyyumi AA, Panza JA, Lakatos E, Epstein SE. Circadian variation in ischemic events: causal role of variation in ischemic threshold due to changes in vascular resistance. Circulation 1988;78(Suppl II):331.

    Google Scholar 

  83. Kullo IJ, Edwards WD, Schwartz RS. Vulnerable plaque: pathobiology and clinical implications. Ann Intern Med 1998;129:1050–1060.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Cagnacci A. Melatonin in relation to physiology in adult humans. J Pineal Res 1996;21(4):200–213.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Murphy PJ, Campbell SS. Physiology of the circadian system in animals and humans. J Clin Neurophysiol 1996;13(1):2–16.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Portaluppi F, Vergnani L, Manfredini R, Fersini C. Endocrine mechanisms of blood pressure rhythms. Ann NY Acad Sci 1996;783:113–131.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Fiorina P, Lattuada G, Ponari O, Silvestrini C, Dall’Aglio P. Impaired nocturnal melatonin excretion and changes of immunological status in ischaemic stroke patients. Lancet 1996;347:692–693.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Casetta I, Granieri E. Circadian variability in hemorrhagic stroke. JAMA 2002;287:1266–1267.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Casetta I, Granieri E, Fallica E, la Cecilia O, Paolino E, Manfredini R. Patient demographic and clinical features and circadian variation in onset of ischemic stroke. Arch Neurol 2002;59(1):48–53.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2007 Humana Press Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Vagaonescu, T.D., Phillips, R.A. (2007). Seasonal, Weekly, and Circadian Variability of Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke. In: White, W.B. (eds) Blood Pressure Monitoring in Cardiovascular Medicine and Therapeutics. Clinical Hypertension and Vascular Diseases. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-978-3_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-978-3_12

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-512-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-978-3

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics