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Genetic Polymorphisms and Risk Assessment for Cancer Chemoprevention

  • Chapter
Cancer Chemoprevention

Part of the book series: Cancer Drug Discovery and Development ((CDD&D))

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Abstract

Cancer risk carries wide interindividual variation; only a fraction of the population exposed to a known carcinogen develops cancer. Genetic susceptibility is both inherited and acquired. Genes that affect cancer susceptibility can be found in those controlling behavior, carcinogen metabolism, and cellular response to carcinogen exposure. Genetic traits affect DNA repair, cell cycle control, and immune response. Polymorphic genetic variants are under intense study. It stands to reason that if genetic traits that affect cancer risk can be measured, these traits would also govern responses to cancer prevention strategies such as chemoprevention. Cancer prevention strategies may become more focused if it is possible to identify susceptible subgroups of the population. Thus, incorporating such measures should lead to more rational chemoprevention studies, allowing for smaller sample size and shorter duration. This chapter describes concepts underlying genetic susceptibility and current technology used to assess it, provides specific examples of low-penetrance genes involved in cancer susceptibility, and comments on the implications for cancer prevention.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC

    Sonia de Assis & Peter G. Shields MD

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  1. Sonia de Assis
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Biomedical Imaging Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD

    Gary J. Kelloff MD

  2. Gastrointestinal and Other Cancers Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD

    Ernest T. Hawk MD, MPH

  3. CCS Associates, Mountain View, CA

    Caroline C. Sigman PhD

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de Assis, S., Shields, P.G. (2005). Genetic Polymorphisms and Risk Assessment for Cancer Chemoprevention. In: Kelloff, G.J., Hawk, E.T., Sigman, C.C. (eds) Cancer Chemoprevention. Cancer Drug Discovery and Development. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-768-0_12

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-768-0_12

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