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Vitamin D

  • Chapter
Nutrition and Bone Health

Part of the book series: Nutrition and Health ((NH))

Abstract

Although it is not certain when vitamin D became critically important for calcium metabolism and bone health for our early ancestors, there is evidence that some of the earliest phytoplankton life forms were photosynthesizing vitamin D more than 750 million years ago (1–3). Life evolved in a fertile soup that contained all of the organic and inorganic compounds necessary for life to evolve. One of the key elements that early life forms used was calcium for regulation of many metabolic processes. As invertebrates and vertebrates evolved, they took advantage of the high calcium content of their ocean environment (approx 400 mmol) and used it as a major component for their exo- and endoskeletons, respectively. When vertebrate life forms ventured onto land, the calcium on which they became dependent was plentiful in the soils, but they had no mechanism to extract it. Plants, however, extracted the precious calcium out of the soils and distributed it throughout their structures. Thus, calcium was harvested by vertebrates from the soil indirectly by the ingestion of these plants. To utilize the dietary calcium there was a need for a mechanism to recognize the calcium status of the organism and to regulate the efficiency of intestinal calcium absorption depending on the organism’s calcium needs. It is likely that vitamin D played a crucial role in early vertebrate development by regulating intestinal calcium absorption and calcium metabolism (1–3).

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  1. Department of Medicine, Dermatology, Physiology, and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA

    Michael F. Holick PhD, MD

  2. Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA

    Bess Dawson-Hughes MD

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Holick, M.F. (2004). Vitamin D. In: Holick, M.F., Dawson-Hughes, B. (eds) Nutrition and Bone Health. Nutrition and Health. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-740-6_25

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-740-6_25

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