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Ethnic Variation in Insulin Resistance and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes

  • Chapter
Insulin Resistance

Part of the book series: Contemporary Endocrinology ((COE,volume 12))

Abstract

Prevalence of Type 2 diabetes varies more than tenfold between high-and low-risk populations. Studies of migrants and admixed populations indicate that this ethnic variation in diabetes risk depends upon the interaction of environmental factors that influence obesity with genetic factors that influence insulin sensitivity. Although insulin resistance is common to all populations at high risk of diabetes, the disturbances of lipid metabolism and body fat pattern that accompany insulin resistance vary between these populations. In Native Americans and Pacific islanders, insulin resistance and obesity are associated with high plasma triglyceride but low plasma cholesterol levels. In Peninsular Arabs, glucose intolerance is associated with raised plasma total cholesterol and apolipoprotein B, as well as raised plasma triglyceride. In South Asians, insulin resistance is associated with high rates of coronary disease, raised plasma triglyceride, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, alterations in low density lipoproteins (LDL) subfraction pattern, and central obesity. In West Africans, prevalence of diabetes and insulin resistance are almost as high as in South Asians, but plasma triglyceride levels are lower and HDL cholesterol levels are higher than in weight-matched Europeans. This favorable lipid pattern may account for the low coronary heart disease risk in men of West African descent compared with European men of similar socioeconomic status.

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  1. Paul M. McKeigue MB, PhD
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Shaman Pharmaceuticals, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA

    Gerald M. Reaven MD

  2. Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA

    Gerald M. Reaven MD

  3. Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA

    Ami Laws MD

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McKeigue, P.M. (1999). Ethnic Variation in Insulin Resistance and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes. In: Reaven, G.M., Laws, A. (eds) Insulin Resistance. Contemporary Endocrinology, vol 12. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-716-1_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-716-1_2

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