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Insulin-Like Growth Factors and Their Receptors and Binding Proteins in the Gastrointestinal System

  • Chapter
Gastrointestinal Endocrinology

Part of the book series: Contemporary Endocrinology ((COE,volume 8))

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Abstract

Insulin-like growth factor I and II (IGF-I, and IGF-II) are single chain peptides with around 70% sequence homology and 50% homology with proinsulin The IGFs were first identified in 1956 and were originally named sulfation factors or somatomedins (1, 2). IGF circulating in the blood at concentrations of 20–80 nM is mainly produced by the liver; whereas tissue IGF is produced, in great part, locally. The expression of IGF-I and, to a lesser degree, of IGF-II in the human liver is under the control of growth hormone (GH). IGF-I can mimic most, but probably not all, the effects of GH. IGFs, their receptors and their binding proteins, constitute a family of cell modulators that play essential roles in the regulation of growth and development. The IGFs interact with specific receptors designated as type I and type II IGF receptors, as well as with insulin receptors. Most, if not all, of the mitogenic effects of IGFs are mediated via type I IGF receptors. The biological roles of IGFs are modulated by a family of at least six binding proteins (IGFBPs) that are found in the circulation, and in extracellular compartments and produced by most tissues (3–6).

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Authors
  1. Yan-Shi Guo MD
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  2. James C. Thompson MD
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  3. Courtney M. Townsend Jr. MD
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA

    George H. Greeley Jr.

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Guo, YS., Thompson, J.C., Townsend, C.M. (1999). Insulin-Like Growth Factors and Their Receptors and Binding Proteins in the Gastrointestinal System. In: Greeley, G.H. (eds) Gastrointestinal Endocrinology. Contemporary Endocrinology, vol 8. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-695-9_19

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