Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Antidepressants pp 213–234Cite as

Animal Models to Detect Antidepressants

Are New Strategies Necessary to Detect New Agents?

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: Contemporary Neuroscience ((CNEURO))

Abstract

Rational strategies for the development of novel antidepressant agents are based on an analysis of perceived therapeutic needs, which in turn derive from the inadequacies of the therapies that are currently available. The traditional (first-generation) antidepressants suffer from three major drawbacks: They have unacceptable side effects; their efficacy is low; and their therapeutic effects develop slowly, typically requiring 3–4 wk of treatment before clear improvements in mood are apparent. Since the 1970s, these three problems have formed the major therapeutic targets in antidepressant drug development, since any newly developed agent could only be marketed on the basis of an improvement over traditional agents in one or more of these areas.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Sitsen, J. M. A. and Montgomery, S. A. (1994) The pharmacological treatment of depression and its problems, in: Handbook of Depression and Anxiety ( Den Boer, J. A. and Sitsen, J. M. A., eds.). Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 349–377.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Prange, A. (1987) L-triiodothyronine (T3): its place in the treatment of TCA-resistant depressed patients, in: Treating Resistant Depression ( Zohar, J. and Belmaker, R. H., eds.). PMA, New York, pp. 147–162.

    Google Scholar 

  3. De Montigny, C. and Cournoyer, G. (1987) Lithium addition in treatment-resistant major depression, in: Treating Resistant Depression ( Zohar, J. and Belmaker, R. H., eds.). PMA, New York, pp. 147–162.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Wachtel, H. (1983) Potential antidepressant activity of rolipram and other selective cyclic adenosine 3’,5’-monophosphate phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Neuropharmacology 22, 267–272.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Layer, R. T., Popik, P., Nowak, G., Paul, I. A., Trullas, R., and Skolnick, P. (1996) A unified theory of antidepressant action: evidence for adaptation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor following chronic antidepressant treatments, in: Ion Channel Pharmacology (Cena, V. and Soria, B., eds.). Oxford University Press, London, in press.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Smadja, C., Maldonado, R., Turcaud, S., Fournie-Zaluski, M. C., and Roques, B. P. (1995) Opposite effects of CCK-A and CCK-B 95 receptors in the modulation of endogenous enkephalin antidepressant-like effects. Psychopharmacology 120, 400–408.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Tejedor-Real, P., Mico, J. A., Maldonado, R., Roques, B. P., and Gibert-Rahola, J. (1993) Effect of mixed (RB 38A) and selective (RB 38B) inhibitors of enkephalin degrading. enzymes on a model of depression in the rat. Biol. Psychiatry 34, 100–107.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Andrews, J. M. and Nemeroff, C. B. (1994) Contemporary management of depression. Am. J. Med. 97, 24S - 32S.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Rampello, L., Nicoletti, G., and Raffaele, R. (1991) Dopaminergic hypothesis of retarded depression: a symptom profile for predicting therapeutical responses. Acta Psychiatrica Scand. 84, 552–554.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Derivan, A., Entsuah, A. R., and Kikta, D. (1995) Venlafaxine: measuring the onset of antidepressant action. Psychopharmacol. Bull. 31, 439–447.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. De Montigny, C., Chaput, Y., and Blier, R. (1990) Modification of serotonergic neuron properties by long-term treatment with serotonin reuptake blockers. J. Clin. Psychiatry 51 (Suppl), 4–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Artigas, F., Perez, V., and Alvarez, E. (1994) Pindolol induces a rapid improvement of depressed patients treated with serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 51, 248–251.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Willner, R (1984) The validity of animal models of depression. Psychopharmacology 83, 1–16.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Willner, R. (1990) Animal models of depression: an overview. Pharmacol. Ther. 45, 425–455.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Borsini. F. and Meli, A. (1990) The forced swimming test: its contribution to the understanding of the mechanisms of action of antidepressants, in: Dopamine and Mental Depression ( Gessa, G. L. and Serra, G., eds.). Pergamon, Oxford, pp. 63–76.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Sarges, R., Howard, H. R., Browne, R. G., Lebel, L. A., Seymour, P.A., and Koe, B. K. (1990) 4-Amino[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalines. A novel class of potent adenosine receptor antagonists and potential rapid-onset antidepressants. J. Med. Chem. 33, 2240–2254.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Flugy, A., Gagliano, M., Cannizzaro, C., Novara, V., and Cannizzaro, G. (1992) Antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of alprazolam versus the conventional antidepressant desipramine and the anxiolytic diazepam in the forced swim test in rats. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 214, 233–238.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Drugan, R., Ryan, S. M., Minor, T. R., and Maier, S. F. (1984) Librium prevents the analgesia and shuttle-box escape deficits typically observed following inescapable shock. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behay. 21, 749–754.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. De Pablo, J. M., Ortiz-Caro, J., Sanchez-Santed, F., and Guillamon, A. (1991) Effects of diazepam, pentobarbital, scopolamine and the timing of saline injection on learned immobility in rats. Physiol. Behay. 50, 895–899.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Willner, P., Towell, A., Sampson, D., Sophokleous, S., and Muscat, R. (1987) Reduction of sucrose preference by chronic mild stress and its restoration by a tricyclic antidepressant. Psychopharmacology 93, 358–364.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Willner, R, Muscat, R., and Papp, M. (1992) Chronic mild stress-induced anhedonia: a realistic animal model of depression. Neurosci. Biobehay. Rev. 16, 525–534.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Monleon, S., D’Aquila, R, Parra, A., Simon, V. M., Brain, R. F., and Willner, P. (1994) Attenuation of sucrose consumption in mice by chronic mild stress and its restoration by imipramine. Psychopharmacology 117, 453–457.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Muscat, R. and Willner, P. (1992) Suppression of sucrose drinking by chronic mild unpredictable stress: a methodological analysis. Neurosci. Biobehay. Rev. 16, 507–517.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. American Psychiatric Association (1994) DSM IV-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Psychiatric Disorders, 4th ed. American Psychiatric Association, Washington DC.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Ayensu, W.K., Pucilowski, O., Mason, G. A., Overstreet, D. H., Revzani, A. H., and Janowsky, D. S. (1995) Effects of chronic mild stress on serum complement activity, saccharin preference and corticosterone levels in Flinders lines of rats. Physiol. Behay. 57, 165–169.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Willner, R, Klimek, V., Golembiowska, K., and Muscat, R. (1991) Changes in mesolimbic dopamine may explain stress-induced anhedonia. Psychobiology 19, 79–84.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Muscat, R., Kyprianou, T., Osman, M., Phillips, G., and Willner, P. (1991) Sweetness-dependent facilitation of sucrose drinking by raclopride is unrelated to calorie content. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behay. 40, 209–213.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Papp, M., Willner, P., and Muscat, R. (1991) An animal model of anhedonia: attenuation of sucrose consumption and place preference conditioning by chronic unpredictable mild stress. Psychopharmacology 104, 255–259.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Muscat, R., Papp, M., and Willner, P. (1992) Reversal of stress-induced anhedonia by the atypical antidepressants, fluoxetine and maprotiline Psychopharmacology 109, 433–438.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Matthews, K., Forbes, N., and Reid, I. C. (1995) Sucrose consumption as a hedonic measure following chronic unpredictable mild streess. Physiol. Behay. 57, 241–248.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Willner, P., Moreau, J.-M., Nielsen, C., Papp, M., and Sluzewska, A. (1996) Decreased hedonic responsiveness following chronic mild stress is not secondary to loss of body weight. Physiol. Behay. 60, 129–134.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Papp, M., Lappas, S., Muscat, R., and Willner, P. (1992) Attenuation of place preference conditioning but not place aversion conditioning by chronic mild stress. J. Psychopharmacol. 6, 352–356.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Moreau, J.-L., Jenck, F., Martin, J. R., Mortas, P., and Haefely, W. E. (1992) Antidepressant treatment prevents chronic mild stress-induced anhedonia as assessed by ventral tegmentum self-stimulation behaviour in rats. Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol. 2, 43–49.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Moreau, J.-L., Jenck, F., Martin, J. R., Mortas, P., and Haefely, W. E. (1993) Effects of moclobemide, a new generation reversible MAO-A inhibitor, in a novel animal model of depression. Pharmacopsychiatry, 26, 30–33.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. D’Aquila, P., Brain, P. F., and Willner, P. (1994) Effects of chronic mild stress in behavioural tests relevant to anxiety and depression. Physiol. Behay. 56, 861–867.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Gorka, Z., Moryl, E., and Papp, M. (1996) The effect of chronic mild stress on circadian rhythms in the locomotor activity of rats. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behay. 54, 229–234.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. a. Cheeta, S., Ruigt, G., van Proosdij, J., and Willner, P. (1997) Changes in sleep architecture following chronic mild stress. Biol. Psychiatry,in press.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Moreau, J.-L., Scherschlict, R., Jenck, F., and Martin, J. R. (1997) Chronic mild stress-induced anhedonia model of depression: sleep abnormalities and curative effects of electroshock treatment. Behay. Pharmacol. 6, 682–687.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Kubera, M., Basta-Kaim, A., Papp, M., and Skowron-Cendrzak, A. (1994) Immunological changes after chronic mild stress and psychotropic drugs administration. 12th European Immunology Meeting (abstracts), p. 37.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Kubera, M., Basta-Kaim, A., and Papp, M. (1995) The effect of chronic treatment with imipramine on the immunoreactivity of animals subjected to chronic mild stress model of depression. Immunopharmacology 30, 225–230.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Sluzewska, A., Gryska, K., and Mackiewicz, A. (1996) Acute phase proteins in chronic mild stress model of depression. Behay. Pharmacol. 7 (Suppl 1), 105–106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Willner, P. (1991) Animal models as simulations of depression. TIPS 12, 131–136.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Papp, M., Moryl, E., and Willner, P. (1996) Pharmacological validation of the chronic mild stress model of depression. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 296, 129–136.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Muscat, R., Sampson, D., and Willner, P. (1990) Dopaminergic mechanisms of imipramine action in an animal model of depression. Biol. Psychiatry 28, 223–230.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Sampson, D., Muscat, R., and Willner, P. (1991) Reversal of antidepressant action by dopamine antagonists in an animal model of depression. Psychopharmacology 104, 491–495.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Przegalinski, E., Moryl, E., and Papp, M. (1995) The effect of 5-HT1A receptor ligands in a chronic mild stress model of depression. Neuropharmacology 34, 1305–1310.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Sluzewska, A. and Szczawinska, K. (1996) The effects of pindolol addition to fluvoxamine and buspirone in chronic mild stress model of depression. Behay. Pharmacol. 7 (Suppl 1), 105.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Cheeta, S., Broekkamp, C., and Willner, P. (1994) Stereospecific reversal of stress-induced anhedonia by mianserin and its (+)-enantiomer. Psychopharmacology 116, 523–528.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Moreau, J.-L., Jenck, F., Martin, J. R., and Mortas, P. (1994) Curative effects of the atypical antidepressant mianserin in the chronic mild stress-induced anhedonia model of depression. J. Psychiatr. Neurosci. 19, 51–56.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Sluzewska, A. and Szczawinska, K. (1996) Lithium potentiation of antidepressants in chronic mild stress model of depression in rats. Behay. Pharmacol. 7 (Suppl 1), 105.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Sluzewska, A. and Nowakowska, E. (1994) The effects of carbamazepine, lithium and ketoconazole in chronic mild stress model of depression in rats. Behay. Pharmacol. 5 (Suppl 1), 86.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Thakore, J. H. and Dinan, T. G. (1995) Cortisol synthesis inhibition: a new treatment strategy for the clinical and endocrine manifestations of depression. Biol. Psychiatry 37, 364–368.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Smadja, C., Ruiz, F., Turcaud, S., Roques, B. P., and Maldonado, R. (1995) Effects induced by endogenous and exogenous opioids in different animal models of depression: modulation by the CCK system. Analgesia 1, 742–745.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Willner, P. (1985) Depression: A Psychobiological Synthesis. Wiley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Cutler, N. R., Keppel Hesselink, J. M., and Sramek, J. J. (1994) A phase II multicenter dose-finding, efficacy and safety trial of ipsapirone in outpatients with generalized anxiety disorder. Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry 18, 447–463.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Amsterdam, J. D. (1992) Gepirone, a selective serotonin (5HT(1A)) partial agonist in the treatment of major depression. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatr. 16, 271–280.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Willner, P. and Scheel-Kruger, J., eds. (1991) The Mesolimbic Dopamine System: From Motivation to Action. Wiley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Maj, J. (1990) Behavioral effects of antidepressant drugs given repeatedly on the dopaminergic system, in: Dopamine and Mental Depression ( Gessa, G. L. and Serra, G., eds.). Pergamon, Oxford, 139–146.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Papp, M., Klimek, V., and Willner, R. (1994) Parallel changes in dopamine D2 receptor binding in limbic forebrain associated with chronic mild stress-induced anhedonia and its reversal by imipramine. Psychopharmacology 115, 441–446.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Papp, M., Muscat, R., and Willner, R (1993) Subsensitivity to rewarding and locomotor stimulant effects of a dopamine agonist following chronic mild stress. Psychopharmacology 110, 152–158.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Stamford, J. A., Muscat, R., O’Connor, J. J., Patel, J., Trout, S. J., Wieczorek, W. J., Zruk, Z. L., and Willner, P. (1991) Subsensitivity to reward following chronic mild stress is associated with increased release of mesolimbic dopamine. Psychopharmacology 105, 275–282.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Zebrowska-Lupina, I., Ossowska, G., and Klenk-Majewska, B. (1992) The influence of antidepressants on aggressive behavior in stressed rats: the role of dopamine. Pol. J. Pharmacol. Pharm. 44, 325–335.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Muscat, R., Papp, M., and Willner, R. (1992) Antidepressant-like actions of dopamine agonists in an animal model of depression. Biol. Psychiatry 31, 937–946.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Papp, M., Muscat, R., and Willner, R. (1993) Behavioural sensitization to a dopamine agonist is associated with recovery from stress-induced anhedonia. Psychopharmacology 110, 159–164.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Willner, P., Lappas, S., Cheeta, S., and Muscat, R. (1994) Reversal of stress-induced anhedonia by the dopamine receptor agonist, pramipexole. Psychopharmacology 115, 454–462.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Willner, P. (1994) Dopaminergic mechanisms in depression and mania, in: Psychopharmacology: The Fourth Generation of Progress ( Bloom, F. E. and Kupfer, D. J., eds.). Raven, New York, pp. 921–931.

    Google Scholar 

  67. Moreau, J.-L., Borgulya, J., Jenck, E, and Martin, J. R. (1994) Tolcapone: a potential new antidepressant detected in a novel animal model of depression. Behay. Pharmacol. 5, 344–351.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Mierau, J., and Schingnitz, G. (1992) Biochemical and pharmacological studies on pramipexole, a potent and selective dopamine D2 receptor agonist. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 215, 161–170.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Cador, M., Robbins, T. W., Everitt, B. E., Simon, H., Le Moal, M., and Stinus, L. (1991) Limbic-striatal interactions in reward processes: modulation by the dopaminergic system, in: The Mesolimbic Dopamine System: From Motivation to Action. ( Willner, P. and Scheel-Kruger, J., eds.), Wiley, New York, pp. 225–250.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Papp, M., Klimek, V., and Willner, P. (1994) Effects of imipramine on serotonergic and beta-adrenergic receptor binding in a realistic animal model of depression. Psychopharmacology 114, 309–314.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Bijak, M. and Papp, M. (1995) The effect of chronic treatment with imipramine on the responsiveness of hippocampal CA1 neurons to phenylephrine and serotonin in a chronic mild stress model of depression. Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol. 5, 43–48.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Cesana, R., Ciprandi, C., and Borsini, F. (1995) The effect of BIMT 17, a new potential antidepressant, in the forced swimming test in mice. Behay. Pharmacol. 7, 688–694.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Borsini, F. (1996) Antidepressants: behavioral consequences of 5-HT postsynaptic agonism. Behay. Pharmacol. 7 (Suppl. 1), 10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. Willner, P. (1995) Animal models of depression: Validity and applications. In: Depression and Mania: From Neurobiology to Treatment ( Gessa, G. L., Fratta, W., Pani, L., and Serra, G., eds.). Raven, New York, pp. 19–41.

    Google Scholar 

  75. McCance-Katz, E., Price, L. H., Charney, D. S., and Heninger, G. R. (1992) Serotonergic function during lithium augmentation of refractory depression. Psychopharmacology 108, 93–97.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Papp, M., Nalepa, I., and Vetulani, J. (1994) Reversal by impramine of beta-adrenoceptor up-regulation induced in a chronic mild stress model of depression. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 261, 141–147.

    Google Scholar 

  77. Cheeta, S. (1995) A model of depression: assessment of the validity of the chronic mild stress procedure. PhD thesis, University of Wales.

    Google Scholar 

  78. Nowak, G., Papp, M., and Paul, I. A. (1995) Adaptation of NMDA receptors in animal models of depression: chronic mild stress (CMS). Soc. Neurosci. Abstracts 21, 2107.

    Google Scholar 

  79. Papp, M. and Moryl, E. (1994) Antidepressant activity of non-competitive and competitive NMDA receptor antagonists in a chronic mild stress model of depression. Eur J. Pharmacol. 263, 1–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Papp, M. and Moryl, E. (1997) Antidepressant-like effects of 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid and d-cycloserine in an animal model of depression. Eur. J. Pharmacol.,in press.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Dziedzicka-Wasylewska, M. and Papp, M. (1996) Effect of chronic mild stress and prolonged treatment with imipramine on the levels of endogenous met-enkephalin in the rat dopaminergic mesolimbic system. Pol. J. Pharmacol. 48, 53–56.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Dauge, V., Bertrand, E., Smadja, C., Fournie-Zaluska, M. C., and Roques, B. P. (1996) Analysis of extracellular levels of met-enkephaline in the nucleus accumbens of rats submitted to a chronic unpredictable mild stress regimen. Behay. Pharmacol. 7 (Suppl. 1), 24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  83. Fibiger, H. C. (1991) The dopamine hypotheses of schizophrenia and depression: contradictions and speculations, in: The Mesolimbic Dopamine System: From Motivation to Action ( Willner, P. and Scheel-Kruger, J., eds.). John Wiley, Chichester, pp. 615–637.

    Google Scholar 

  84. Willner, P., Sampson, D., Phillips, G., Fichera, R., Foxlow, P., and Muscat, R. (1989) Effects of isolated housing and chronic antidepressant treatment on cooperative social behaviour in rats. Behay. Pharmacol. 1, 85–90.

    Google Scholar 

  85. Broekkamp, C. L., Garrigou, D., and Lloyd, K. G. (1980) Serotonin-mimetic and antidepressant drugs on passive avoidance learning by olfactory bulbectomized rats. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behay. 13, 643–646.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Redmond, A. M., Kelly, J. P., and Leonard, B. E. (1994) Effect of paroxetine and fluvoxamine on behavioural changes in a number of paradigms in the olfactory bulbectomized rat model of depression. J. Serotonin Res. 3, 199–205.

    Google Scholar 

  87. Gardner, R. (1982) Mechanisms in manic-depressive disorder: an evolutionary model. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 39, 1436–1441.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Mitchell, P. J. and Redfern, P. H. (1992) Chronic treatment with chlomipramine and mianserin increases the hierarchical position of subdominants rats housed in triads. Behay. Pharmacol. 3, 239–247.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Willner, P., D’Aquila, P., Coventry, T., and Brain, P. (1995) Loss of social status: preliminary evaluation of a novel animal model of depression. J. Psychopharmacol. 9, 207–213.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Koolhaas, J. M., Hermann, P. M., Kemperman, C., Bohus, B., van den Hoofdakker, R. H., and Beersma, D. G. M. (1990) Single social defeat in male rats induces a gradual but long lasting behavioral change: a model of depression? Neurosci. Res. Comm. 7, 35–41.

    Google Scholar 

  91. Kudryatseva, N. N., Bakshtanowskaya, I. V., and Koryakina, L. A. (1991) Social model of depression in mice of C57BL/6J strain. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behay. 38, 315–320.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  92. Blanchard, D. C., Spencer, R. L., Weiss, S. M., Blanchard, R. J., McEwen, B., and Sakai, R. R. (1995) Visible burrow system as a model of chronic social stress: behavioral and neuroendocrine correlates. Psychoneuroendocrinology 20, 117–134.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Coventry, T., D’Aquila, R, Brain, P., and Willner, R. (1997) Social influences on morphine conditioned place preference. Behay. Pharmacol.,in press.

    Google Scholar 

  94. Vogel, G. W., Neill, D., Hagler, M., and Kors, D. (1990) A new animal model of depression: a summary of present findings. Neurosci. Biobehay. Rev. 14, 49–63.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Hilakivi, L. A., Taira, R., Hilakivi, I., and Loikas, P. (1988) Neonatal treatment with monoamine uptake inhibitors alters late response in behavioral `despair’ test to beta and GABA-B receptor agonists. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 63, 57–61.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Ogawa, T., Mikuni, M., Kuroda, Y, Muneoka, K., Mori, K. J., and Takahashi, K. (1994) Effects of the altered serotonergic signalling by neonatal treatment with 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine, ritanserin or clomipramine on the adrenocortical stress response and the glucocorticoid receptor binding in the hippocampus in adult rats. J. Neural Transm. 96, 113–123.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Dwyer, K. D. and Roy, E. J. (1993) Juvenile desipramine reduces adult sensitivity to imipramine in two behavioral tests. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behay. 45, 201–207.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Ladd, C. O., Owens, M. J., and Nemeroff, C. B. (1996) Persistent changes in corticotropinreleasing factor neuronal systems induced by maternal deprivation. Endocrinology 137, 1212–1218.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Matthews, K., Wilkinson, L. S., and Robbins, T. W. (1996) Repeated maternal separation of preweanling rats attenuates behavioral responses to primary and conditioned incentives in adulthood. Physiol. Behay. 59, 99–107.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Overstreet, D. H. (1993) The Flinders sensitive line rats: a genetic animal model of depression. Neurosci. Biobehay. Rev. 17, 51–68.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Pucilowski, O., Overstreet, D, H., Rezvani, A. H., and Janowsky, D. S. (1993) Chronic mild stress-induced anhedonia: greater effect in a genetic rat model of depression. Physiol. Behay. 54, 1215–1220.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Overstreet, D. H., Pucilowski, O., and Rezvani, A. (1995) Administration of antidepressants, diazepam and psychomotor stimulants further confirms the utility of Flinders Sensitive Line rats as an animal model of depression. Psychopharmacology 121, 27–37.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Cools, A. R., Brachten, R., Heeren, D., Willemen, A., and Ellenbroek, B. (1990) Search after neurobiological profile of individual-specific features of Wistar rats. Brain Res. Bull. 24, 49–69.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Overstreet, D. H., Rezvani, A., and Janowsky, D. S. (1992) Genetic animal models of depression and ethanol preference provide support for cholinergic and serotonergic involvement in depression and alcoholism. Biol. Psychiatry 31, 919–936.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Plomin, R. and McClearn, G. E. (1993) Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analyses and alcohol-related behaviors. Behay. Genet. 23, 197–211.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Gold, L. H. (1996) Integration of molecular biological techniques and behavioural pharmacology. Behay. Pharmacol. 7, 589–615.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Hilakivi-Clarke, L. A., Arora, P. K., Sabol, M. B., Clarke, R., Dickson, R. B. and Lippman, M. E. (1992) Alterations in behavior, steroid hormones and natural killer cell activity in male transgenic TGF alpha mice. Brain Res. 588, 97–103.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Beaulieu, S., Rousse, I., Gratton, A., Barden, N., and Rochford, J. (1994) Behavioral and endocrine impact of impaired type II glucocorticoid receptor function in a transgenic mouse model. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 746, 388–391.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Hilakivi-Clarke, L. A. and Goldberg, R. (1993) Effects of tryptophan and serotonin uptake inhibitors on behaviour in male transgenic transforming growth factor alpha mice. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 237, 101–108.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Montkowski, A., Barden, N., Wotjak, C., Stec, I., Ganster, J., Meaney, M., Engelmann, M., Reul, J. M. H. M., Landgraf, R., and Holsboer, F. (1995) Long-term antidepressant treatment reduces behavioural deficits in transgenic mice with impaired glucocorticoid receptor function. J. Neuroendocrinol. 7, 841–845.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Paul Willner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mariusz Papp
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Neuroscience, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Phil Skolnick

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Willner, P., Papp, M. (1997). Animal Models to Detect Antidepressants. In: Skolnick, P. (eds) Antidepressants. Contemporary Neuroscience. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-474-0_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-474-0_12

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-61737-048-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-474-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation