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Animal Models Used in Cerebral Ischemia and Stroke Research

  • Chapter
Book cover Clinical Pharmacology of Cerebral Ischemia

Part of the book series: Contemporary Neuroscience ((CNEURO))

Abstract

The central nervous system (CNS) is extremely vulnerable to ischemia. In humans, the brain accounts for approx 2% of body weight, but receives about 15% of cardiac output. The amounts of energy metabolites (glucose and glycogen) and oxygen stored in the brain are so small that cessation of blood supply for only a few minutes leads to severe CNS damage. This vulnerability of the CNS mainly derives from the vulnerability of neurons, the major component of the CNS. Therefore, many therapeutic modalities have been developed to protect neurons from ischemic damage. In this sense, cultured neurons (in vitro model) are enough to test the efficacy of a therapy. However, the results of such tests indicate only the level of cytotoxicity of a therapy. The cultured neurons never show neurological deficits. Ischemic insult to the human CNS may lead to a wide variety of signs and symptoms, from death to very slight neurological deficits. Rational therapies for cerebral ischemia should be established on a detailed understanding of the pathomechanisms involved. This is why we need experimental stroke models.

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  1. Akira Tamura
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  1. Department of Biological Psychiatry, Groningen Center for Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Groningen, The Netherlands

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Tamura, A., Kawai, K., Takagi, K. (1997). Animal Models Used in Cerebral Ischemia and Stroke Research. In: Ter Horst, G.J., Korf, J. (eds) Clinical Pharmacology of Cerebral Ischemia. Contemporary Neuroscience. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-472-6_11

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