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Neurotransmitter Transporters pp 171–213Cite as

The High-Affinity Glutamate Transporter Family

Structure, Function, and Physiological Relevance

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Part of the Contemporary Neuroscience book series (CNEURO)

Abstract

Extensive studies of glutamate uptake in neurons, glial cells, and epithelial cells, using a variety of preparations, revealed the existence of several transporter subtypes with distinct tissue distributions and kinetic and pharmacologic properties. High-affinity (K0.5 = 1−50 µM) and low-affinity (K0.5 > 100 µM) Na+- and K+-dependent glutamate transporters were identified in brain, kidney, and intestine (17,19,25,26,50,58,77,82,98). Similar systems were also described in epithelial cells of kidney and intestine. Despite the far-reaching physiologic importance of these excitatory neurotransmitter transporters, progress in this field has been slow until recently, and there was limited information available about the molecular properties and physiological roles of these proteins. The focus of this chapter is on the recent insights into the structure, in vivo functional roles, and pathological implications of high-affinity Na+- and K+-dependent glutamate transporters in the central nervous system. We also discuss hypothetical kinetic models addressing the complex transport mechanisms of glutamate transporters that are coupled to the cotransport of Na+ and H+, and the countertransport of K+. We furthermore review recent advances in Boning and characterizing a new group of neutral amino acid transporters that are structurally related to glutamate transporters.

Keywords

  • Arachidonic Acid
  • Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
  • Glutamate Transporter
  • Synaptic Cleft
  • Glutamate Uptake

These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

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Authors
  1. Yoshikatsu Kanai
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  2. Davide Trotti
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  3. Stephan Nussberger
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  4. Matthias A. Hediger
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Peoria, IL, USA

    Maarten E. A. Reith

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© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media New York

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Kanai, Y., Trotti, D., Nussberger, S., Hediger, M.A. (1997). The High-Affinity Glutamate Transporter Family. In: Reith, M.E.A. (eds) Neurotransmitter Transporters. Contemporary Neuroscience. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-470-2_6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-470-2_6

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

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