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Stem Cells in Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer

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Stem Cells Handbook

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Abstract

Mosaic pattern analysis and genetic mutations common to all cells of a cancer show that squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC), as well as squamous dysplasias, are clonal, whereas focal hyperplasias are polyclonal. One compartment of putative stem cells in the skin is located in the bulge of the hair follicle. Cells in this compartment are multipotent and can give rise to progeny that differentiate into any of the epidermal cells or adnexal organs. The interfollicular epidermal proliferative unit (EPU) in normal skin is a columnar group of differentiating cells overlying 10–12 basal cells and is believed to be derived from a single, centrally located stem cell with a more limited potential than the follicular stem cell. Stem cells in the skin cycle slowly and are identified by retaining a pulsed DNA marker for extended periods. Other markers include increased expression of β31 or β4 integrins; decreased expression of the transferrin receptor or connexin 43; and unique expression of keratins 15,17, and 19. BCCs appear to arise from follicular bulge stem cells and are associated with genetic changes in the Sonic Hedgehog developmental pathway. SCCs can arise from stem cells in the interfollicular EPU and infundibulum of the hair follicle as well as the bulge. Benign squamous neoplasms may also arise from the more differentiated cell populations. Alterations in the ras pathway have been implicated in both experimental and human squamous cell carcinogenesis. Genetic or epigenetic changes in stem cell markers that have been associated with squamous cell neoplasms include alterations in integrins, telomerase, c-myc, and p63.

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  1. Wendy C. Weinberg PhD
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  2. Stuart H. Yuspa MD
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  1. Wadsworth Center and Ordway Research Institute, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY, USA

    Stewart Sell MD

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Weinberg, W.C., Yuspa, S.H. (2004). Stem Cells in Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer. In: Sell, S. (eds) Stem Cells Handbook. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-411-5_26

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-411-5_26

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