Abstract
Tumors develop gradually as a result of a multistep acquisition of genetic alterations where cells ultimately emerge as selfish, intruding, and metastatic cells. The genetic defects associated with the process of tumor progression affect control of proliferation, programmed cell death (or apoptosis), cell-aging, angiogenesis, escape from immune response, and invasion and metastasis (1). These characteristics of tumor cells are to be considered as interactive control boxes that are well taken care of in normal cells, but in which one or more failures have occurred during tumor development. The multistep nature of tumor development is evident from pathological examination of various tumor progression systems, indicating a continuous morphological progression from normal cells to premalignant stages to invasive tumors. The multistep process in tumorigenesis is responsible for the age-dependent appearance of tumors in humans; four to seven major genetic alterations that accumulate over time are responsible for the development of the ultimate tumor cell.
Keywords
- Breast Cancer
- Gastric Cancer
- Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
- Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- Extrahepatic Bile Duct Carcinoma
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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van Diest, P.J., Michalides, R.J.A.M. (2003). Cell Cycle Regulators. In: Giordano, A., Soprano, K.J. (eds) Cell Cycle Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy. Cancer Drug Discovery and Development. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-401-6_9
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