Abstract
Recent advances in cancer development studies showed tumorigenesis and metastasis to be complex multistep processes. In the past decade, it became evident that cancer cells have multiple genetic alterations, including point mutations, gene amplification, recombination, gene deletion, reduced or overexpression, and loss of heterozygosity (LOH). Those affected genes include tumor suppressors, oncogenes, and a panoply of genes involved in cell cycle, motility, and adhesion. This review emphasizes the tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) and metastasis suppressor genes, and their alteration at different levels in metastasizing cells.
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Ouatas, T., Hartsough, M.T., Steeg, P.S. (2001). Tumor Suppressors in Metastasis. In: Fisher, D.E. (eds) Tumor Suppressor Genes in Human Cancer. Cancer Drug Discovery and Development. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-230-2_3
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