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Malaria

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Nutrition and Health in Developing Countries

Part of the book series: Nutrition ◊ and ◊ Health ((NH))

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Abstract

Malaria is the most significant parasitic disease of human beings and remains a major cause of morbidity, anemia, and mortality worldwide. Malaria currently accounts for approximately 200 million morbid episodes and 2–3 million deaths each year, estimates that have been increasing over the last 3 decades (1). The disease is caused by protozoan organisms of the genus Plasmodium, which invade and replicate within red blood cells, a process resulting in the manifestations of disease including cyclical fevers, anemia, convulsions, and death. The parasite is transmitted from person to person by biting anopholine mosquitoes. There are four malaria species that infect humans, Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae, and P. ovale. They are distributed in varying degrees throughout the tropical world, and in some more temperate areas, wherever ecological and sociological conditions favor sufficient interactions between humans, mosquitoes, and parasites to maintain transmission. It is, however, important to acknowledge that the majority of acute morbidity and mortality is caused by P. falciparum, and that nearly 90% of all cases and fatalities occur in sub-Saharan Africa. Although all persons are at risk for malaria, in many settings the burden of disease is carried primarily by children below the age of 5 and by pregnant women.

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  1. Anuraj H. Shankar
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    Richard D. Semba MD, MPH

  2. Helen Keller International — Regional Headquarters, Jakarta, Indonesia

    Martin W. Bloem MD, PhD

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Shankar, A.H. (2001). Malaria. In: Semba, R.D., Bloem, M.W. (eds) Nutrition and Health in Developing Countries. Nutrition ◊ and ◊ Health. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-225-8_8

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