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Osseointegrated Dental Implants

Follow-up Studies

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Biomaterials Engineering and Devices: Human Applications

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Abstract

Prospective, regular data registrations related to the essential features of surgical insertion of oral implants, their prosthodontic treatment, and follow-up examinations, as well as their eventual loss, began simultaneously with the introduction of implants that were intended for direct anchorage in their bony environment, in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Since that time, this kind of implant fixation has increasingly replaced the previous soft-tissue-encapsulated implants. This change in the intended mode of implant fixation occurred almost simultaneously in dental implantology and orthopedic reconstruction, e.g., joint replacements. It had become feasible by the observation of a particularly favorable kind of biocompatibility of titanium (Ti) and of alumina ceramics. Bony tissue directly contacting large portions of the surfaces of implants of these materials was observed. Extended studies allowed determination of the conditions for this interfacial contact and for subsequent long-term functional stability. Essentially, these conditions were found to be similar to the requirements of fracture healing, in particular, an initial press-fitting of the implant in its bony bed and the maintenance of motionlessness along the interface for a period of at least 3 mo. In animal experiments, components of total hip replacements and dental implants of these materials could be found rigidly fixed in the adjacent bone. These observations have also been seen clinically, and have been fully confirmed in thousands of cases since. The term “osseointegration” was soon coined for this kind of implant anchorage.

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Authors
  1. Günther Heimke
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  2. Cornelius G. Wittal
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA

    Donald L. Wise PhD

  2. Cambridge Scientific, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA

    Debra J. Trantolo PhD , Joseph D. Gresser PhD  & Mario V. Cattaneo PhD ,  & 

  3. Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

    Kai-Uwe Lewandrowski MD

  4. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA

    Michael J. Yaszemski MD, PhD

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Heimke, G., Wittal, C.G. (2000). Osseointegrated Dental Implants. In: Wise, D.L., Trantolo, D.J., Lewandrowski, KU., Gresser, J.D., Cattaneo, M.V., Yaszemski, M.J. (eds) Biomaterials Engineering and Devices: Human Applications . Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-197-8_5

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