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Neurological Assessment

The Role of the Clinician in Clinical Neurotoxicology

  • Chapter
Handbook of Neurotoxicology

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Abstract

Neurology is a branch of the medical sciences that deals with the human nervous system, under normal circumstances and in disease. The principles of clinical neurology are analogous to those used in animal neurotoxicology. Both fields utilize the scientific method to formulate and test hypotheses, albeit under different testing conditions. The animal neurotoxicologist evaluates behavior and neuropathologic changes in groups of animals in response to controlled manipulation of the environment that includes detailed knowledge about the exposure to a given test substance. The primary questions to the neurotoxicologist are what neurologic problems are caused by exposure to the substance in question and what mechanisms produce the problem. In contrast, the neurologist utilizes results from the clinical evaluation of a single patient to formulate a differential diagnosis, the initial step in identifying the underlying pathophysiology and developing a treatment plan. The primary questions to the neurologist are what explanations exist to explain the patient’s problem and what can be done to correct or modify it. The neurologist frequently faces the problem of detecting and treating nervous-system dysfunction independent of any initial information related to an underlying cause or etiology. Nevertheless, identifying the cause of a problem represents an important goal. Commonly, a neurologic evaluation is requested because of symptoms experienced by an individual patient, presented in the form of complaints, that suggest nervous system dysfunction. In theory, symptoms referable to the nervous system are important in localizing and characterizing the underlying problem. In practice, numerous physiological and psychological responses to a variety of stimuli produce symptoms that, in spite of suggesting neurologic dysfunction, are benign and not indicative of neuropathology.

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  1. James W. Albers
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  1. The National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA

    Edward J. Massaro

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Albers, J.W. (2002). Neurological Assessment. In: Massaro, E.J. (eds) Handbook of Neurotoxicology. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-165-7_20

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-165-7_20

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