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Agents Affecting Chloride Channels

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Handbook of Neurotoxicology

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Abstract

The polychlorocycloalkanes (PCCAs), including the chlorinated cyclodienes, toxaphene, and lindane comprise the original group of insecticides acting on chloride channels. Although most of these compounds are no longer in use, they still have potential neurotoxicological impacts in humans and animals owing to their extreme chemical and environmental persistence (1). The newest member of convulsant insecticides targeting chloride channels is fipronil, a compound having improved properties and a chemical structure unrelated to PCCAs. Another class of chemistry affecting chloride channels is the avermectins, natural products with activity against insects, acarines, and parasitic nematodes (2). This review will focus on the neurotoxicity of the PCCAs, fipronil, and avermectins, as well as their interactions with the chloride channels of electrically excitable membranes. For discussion of the effects of pyrethroids on chloride channels, see Chapter 4 by Soderlund.

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  1. Jeffrey R. Bloomquist
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  1. The National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA

    Edward J. Massaro

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Bloomquist, J.R. (2002). Agents Affecting Chloride Channels. In: Massaro, E.J. (eds) Handbook of Neurotoxicology. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-132-9_5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-132-9_5

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

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