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Dilutional Anemia

Abnormalities of Blood Volume in Disorders of the Spleen

  • Chapter
The Complete Spleen

Abstract

The major components of blood volume are the red cell mass (RCM) and plasma volume (PV), which adapt responsively to a variety of demands. Very short-term stresses, such as hemorrhage and hypoxia, can be met by temporary volume shifts in the circulation, from the “autologous splanchnic blood bank,” and by trans-mural capillary fluid exchange (Isbister, 1997). Longer-term requirements are often met by variation in the circulating volumes of red blood cells and plasma. For a normal individual, the former is the more stable, and is governed by the need for oxygen transport; plasma volume is more labile, and, in teleological terms, it changes according to the need to maintain blood pressure and to fill the vascular space. The mechanisms whereby normal control of volume is achieved are therefore different for the two components. Of clinical importance is the fact that anemia, defined as a hemoglobin or hematocrit level less than that normal for the sex and age of the individual, may result either from a decrease in RCM or an increase in plasma volume, or from a combination of both effects.

Revised from the chapter in the 1st Edition entitled “Chapter 9: Abnormalities of blood volume in disorders of the spleen,” by Sir David Todd and T. K. Chan of the University of Hong Kong.

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Authors
  1. Anthony J. Bowdler MD, PhD, FRCP, FRCPath, FACP
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  2. Frank Gary Renshaw DO
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Marshall University School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, USA

    Anthony J. Bowdler MD, PhD, FRCPLOND, FRCPATH, FACP (Emeritus Professor of Medicine) (Emeritus Professor of Medicine)

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Bowdler, A.J., Renshaw, F.G. (2002). Dilutional Anemia. In: Bowdler, A.J. (eds) The Complete Spleen. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-124-4_8

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