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The Neuronal Environment pp 277–307Cite as

The Blood-Brain Barrier

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Part of the book series: Contemporary Neuroscience ((CNEURO))

Abstract

The main function of the cardiovascular system is the exchange of solutes between blood and tissue interstitial space. Thus, blood is the source of oxygen (O2) and nutrients such as glucose (GLU) for the tissue, and the mechanism by which waste products, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), are removed from tissue. The site of such exchange is the capillary. In most tissues of the body, plasma solutes (except plasma proteins) freely diffuse across or between the capillary endothelial cells (ECs). In such tissues, the stability of the tissue microenvironment (the interstitial fluid [ISF]) depends chiefly on the stability of plasma composition. In the case of the brain, stability of the microenvironment is essential for normal brain function, and the cerebral capillaries (with the exception of certain specialized regions: see Chapter 12) are structurally and functionally different from other capillaries, forming what is known as the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The cerebral capillary ECs are linked by tight junctions and form a diffusion barrier to the entry of many compounds from blood to brain. However, the cerebral capillaries are not just a passive barrier: There are many different transport processes at the cerebral capillaries to facilitate the movement of nutrients into brain, and to control the brain microenvironment. They also serve as an enzymatic barrier to the movement of compounds between blood and brain via degradation of unwanted compounds.

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  1. Richard F. Keep
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  1. Department of Physiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

    Wolfgang Walz

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Keep, R.F. (2002). The Blood-Brain Barrier. In: Walz, W. (eds) The Neuronal Environment. Contemporary Neuroscience. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-108-4_11

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