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Infection Control Strategies in Transplant Populations

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Principles and Practice of Transplant Infectious Diseases

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Abstract

Infection control and prevention strategies are of great importance to the healthcare system as a whole, but are even more critical in the immunocompromised host. While transplant recipients present unique challenges to clinicians and infection control practitioners alike, standard approaches to infection control are still of foremost importance in this population. The type of transplantation, degree of immune suppression, and duration of time following transplantation help determine the risk of developing infections with various pathogens, and this chapter will address potentially preventable infections as a function of time after transplantation.

During the pre-transplant period, various serologies should be obtained and a thorough medical and surgical history must be taken to identify active infections before the transplant occurs and to understand the potential organisms that may reactivate following transplantation. In the early post-transplant period, recipients are at risk for both traditional community pathogens and nosocomial pathogens, as this period may be the patient’s first significant contact with the healthcare system. Hospitals should have well-defined strategies in place to minimize transplant recipients’ exposure to potential pathogens. During the intermediate- and late-post-transplant periods, a transition from the hospital environment to the home environment occurs, with subsequent shift in exposures for the recipient. Safe living strategies at home and at work are critical to avoid infection, but these strategies must balance safety with the desire to return to a sense of normalcy post-transplant. Strategies to minimize the risk of infection during each time period relative to the transplantation are detailed in this chapter.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Infectious Diseases, The Southeast Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente, Atlanta, GA, USA

    S. Cutro

  2. New York University School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, New York, NY, USA

    M. Phillips

  3. Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases,, New York Presbyterian-Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, Brooklyn, NY, USA

    H. W. Horowitz

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  1. Clinical Associate Professor of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, TX, USA

    Amar Safdar

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Cutro, S., Phillips, M., Horowitz, H.W. (2019). Infection Control Strategies in Transplant Populations. In: Safdar, A. (eds) Principles and Practice of Transplant Infectious Diseases. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9034-4_61

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