Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, and Diseases Due to Other Endemic Fungi in Transplant Recipients

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Principles and Practice of Transplant Infectious Diseases

  • 1499 Accesses

Abstract

Endemic fungi are thermally dimorphic and occur naturally in specific geographic areas. Histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, and blastomycosis are the three major disease entities encountered in North America. Even in endemic areas, disease incidence is low among transplant recipients. Infection is typically acquired via inhalation of molds from the environment. Disseminated infection is more likely to occur in immunocompromised individuals. Definitive diagnosis is established by growing the organism from respiratory secretions, blood, other body fluids, or tissue. With appropriate stains, fungal organisms may be detected directly from clinical specimens. All immunocompromised patients should be treated, usually with a lipid formulation of amphotericin B followed by azole therapy. Donors and recipients should be evaluated for the possibility of active disease before transplantation. Because each endemic fungal infection is unusual outside of a specific geographic area, a careful travel and residence history should be obtained.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Pappas PG, Alexander BD, Andes DR, et al. Invasive fungal infections among organ transplant recipients: results of the Transplant-Associated Infection Surveillance Network (TRANSNET). Clin Infect Dis. 2010;50(8):1101–11.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Kontoyiannis DP, Marr KA, Park BJ, et al. Prospective surveillance for invasive fungal infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, 2001-2006: overview of the Transplant-Associated Infection Surveillance Network (TRANSNET) Database. Clin Infect Dis. 2010;50(8):1091–100.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Cuellar-Rodriguez J, Avery RK, Lard M, et al. Histoplasmosis in solid organ transplant recipients: 10 years of experience at a large transplant center in an endemic area. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;49(5):710–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Vail GM, Young RS, Wheat LJ, et al. Incidence of histoplasmosis following allogeneic bone marrow transplant or solid organ transplant in a hyperendemic area. Transpl Infect Dis. 2002;4(3):148–51.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Wheat LJ, Smith EJ, Sathapatayavongs B, et al. Histoplasmosis in renal allograft recipients. Two large urban outbreaks. Arch Intern Med. 1983;143(4):703–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Straub M, Schwarz J. The healed primary complex in histoplasmosis. Am J Clin Pathol. 1955;25(7):727–41.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Limaye AP, Connolly PA, Sagar M, et al. Transmission of Histoplasma capsulatum by organ transplantation. N Engl J Med. 2000;343(16):1163–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Freifeld AG, Iwen PC, Lesiak BL, et al. Histoplasmosis in solid organ transplant recipients at a large Midwestern university transplant center. Transpl Infect Dis. 2005;7(3–4):109–15.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Singh N, Lortholary O, Alexander BD, et al. An immune reconstitution syndrome-like illness associated with Cryptococcus neoformans infection in organ transplant recipients. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;40(12):1756–61.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Singh N, Perfect JR. Immune reconstitution syndrome associated with opportunistic mycoses. Lancet Infect Dis. 2007;7(6):395–401.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Vetter E, Torgerson C, Feuker A, et al. Comparison of the BACTEC MYCO/F lytic bottle to the isolator tube, BACTEC plus aerobic F/bottle, and BACTEC anaerobic lytic/10 bottle and comparison of the BACTEC plus aerobic F/bottle to the isolator tube for recovery of bacteria, mycobacteria, and fungi from blood. J Clin Microbiol. 2001;39(12):4380–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Hage CA, Ribes JA, Wengenack NL, et al. A multicenter evaluation of tests for diagnosis of histoplasmosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;53(5):448–54.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Wheat J, Wheat H, Connolly P, et al. Cross-reactivity in Histoplasma capsulatum variety capsulatum antigen assays of urine samples from patients with endemic mycoses. Clin Infect Dis. 1997;24(6):1169–71.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Kuberski T, Myers R, Wheat LJ, et al. Diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis by antigen detection using cross-reaction with a Histoplasma antigen. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;44(5):e50–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Vergidis P, Walker RC, Kaul DR, et al. False-positive Aspergillus galactomannan assay in solid organ transplant recipients with histoplasmosis. Transpl Infect Dis. 2012;14(2):213–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Hage CA, Davis TE, Fuller D, et al. Diagnosis of histoplasmosis by antigen detection in BAL fluid. Chest. 2010;137(3):623–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Egan L, Connolly P, Wheat LJ, et al. Histoplasmosis as a cause for a positive Fungitell (1→3)-beta-D-glucan test. Med Mycol. 2008;46(1):93–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Wheat LJ. Approach to the diagnosis of the endemic mycoses. Clin Chest Med. 2009;30(2):379–89, viii.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Bialek R, Feucht A, Aepinus C, et al. Evaluation of two nested PCR assays for detection of Histoplasma capsulatum DNA in human tissue. J Clin Microbiol. 2002;40(5):1644–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Babady NE, Buckwalter SP, Hall L, et al. Detection of Blastomyces dermatitidis and Histoplasma capsulatum from culture isolates and clinical specimens by use of real-time PCR. J Clin Microbiol. 2011;49(9):3204–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. Tang YW, Li H, Durkin MM, et al. Urine polymerase chain reaction is not as sensitive as urine antigen for the diagnosis of disseminated histoplasmosis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2006;54(4):283–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Wheat LJ. Improvements in diagnosis of histoplasmosis. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2006;6(11):1207–21.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Wheat LJ, Freifeld AG, Kleiman MB, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of patients with histoplasmosis: 2007 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;45(7):807–25.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Johnson PC, Wheat LJ, Cloud GA, et al. Safety and efficacy of liposomal amphotericin B compared with conventional amphotericin B for induction therapy of histoplasmosis in patients with AIDS. Ann Intern Med. 2002;137(2):105–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Freifeld A, Proia L, Andes D, et al. Voriconazole use for endemic fungal infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009;53(4):1648–51.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. Restrepo A, Tobon A, Clark B, et al. Salvage treatment of histoplasmosis with posaconazole. J Infect. 2007;54(4):319–27.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Wheat LJ, Connolly P, Smedema M, et al. Activity of newer triazoles against Histoplasma capsulatum from patients with AIDS who failed fluconazole. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2006;57(6):1235–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Kohler S, Wheat LJ, Connolly P, et al. Comparison of the echinocandin caspofungin with amphotericin B for treatment of histoplasmosis following pulmonary challenge in a murine model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2000;44(7):1850–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. Hage CA, Connolly P, Horan D, et al. Investigation of the efficacy of micafungin in the treatment of histoplasmosis using two north American strains of Histoplasma capsulatum. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011;55(9):4447–50.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  30. Hage CA, Kirsch EJ, Stump TE, et al. Histoplasma antigen clearance during treatment of histoplasmosis in patients with AIDS determined by a quantitative antigen enzyme immunoassay. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2011;18(4):661–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  31. Goldman M, Zackin R, Fichtenbaum CJ, et al. Safety of discontinuation of maintenance therapy for disseminated histoplasmosis after immunologic response to antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;38(10):1485–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Cano MV, Hajjeh RA. The epidemiology of histoplasmosis: a review. Semin Respir Infect. 2001;16(2):109–18.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Kang SH, Deziel PJ, Razonable RR. Pre-transplant serology, lung nodules, calcified mediastinal lymph nodes, and the risk of histoplasmosis after liver transplantation. 49th interscience conference on antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. San Francisco; 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Dodge RR, Lebowitz MD, Barbee R, et al. Estimates of C. immitis infection by skin test reactivity in an endemic community. Am J Public Health. 1985;75(8):863–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  35. Sunenshine RH, Anderson S, Erhart L, et al. Public health surveillance for coccidioidomycosis in Arizona. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007;1111:96–102.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Cohen IM, Galgiani JN, Potter D, et al. Coccidioidomycosis in renal replacement therapy. Arch Intern Med. 1982;142(3):489–94.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Blair JE. Coccidioidomycosis in patients who have undergone transplantation. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007;1111:365–76.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Blair JE, Douglas DD. Coccidioidomycosis in liver transplant recipients relocating to an endemic area. Dig Dis Sci. 2004;49(11–12):1981–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Cha JM, Jung S, Bahng HS, et al. Multi-organ failure caused by reactivated coccidioidomycosis without dissemination in a patient with renal transplantation. Respirology. 2000;5(1):87–90.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Vartivarian SE, Coudron PE, Markowitz SM. Disseminated coccidioidomycosis. Unusual manifestations in a cardiac transplantation patient. Am J Med. 1987;83(5):949–52.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Vucicevic D, Carey EJ, Blair JE. Coccidioidomycosis in liver transplant recipients in an endemic area. Am J Transplant. 2011;11(1):111–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Miller MB, Hendren R, Gilligan PH. Posttransplantation disseminated coccidioidomycosis acquired from donor lungs. J Clin Microbiol. 2004;42(5):2347–9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  43. Tripathy U, Yung GL, Kriett JM, et al. Donor transfer of pulmonary coccidioidomycosis in lung transplantation. Ann Thorac Surg. 2002;73(1):306–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Wright PW, Pappagianis D, Wilson M, et al. Donor-related coccidioidomycosis in organ transplant recipients. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;37(9):1265–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Brugiere O, Forget E, Biondi G, et al. Coccidioidomycosis in a lung transplant recipient acquired from the donor graft in France. Transplantation. 2009;88(11):1319–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Wieden MA, Galgiani JN, Pappagianis D. Comparison of immunodiffusion techniques with standard complement fixation assay for quantitation of coccidioidal antibodies. J Clin Microbiol. 1983;18(3):529–34.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  47. Zartarian M, Peterson EM, de la Maza LM. Detection of antibodies to Coccidioides immitis by enzyme immunoassay. Am J Clin Pathol. 1997;107(2):148–53.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Blair JE, Coakley B, Santelli AC, et al. Serologic testing for symptomatic coccidioidomycosis in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed hosts. Mycopathologia. 2006;162(5):317–24.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  49. Durkin M, Connolly P, Kuberski T, et al. Diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis with use of the Coccidioides antigen enzyme immunoassay. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;47(8):e69–73.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Binnicker MJ, Buckwalter SP, Eisberner JJ, et al. Detection of Coccidioides species in clinical specimens by real-time PCR. J Clin Microbiol. 2007;45(1):173–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Vucicevic D, Blair JE, Binnicker MJ, et al. The utility of Coccidioides polymerase chain reaction testing in the clinical setting. Mycopathologia. 2010;170(5):345–51.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Galgiani JN, Ampel NM, Blair JE, et al. Coccidioidomycosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;41(9):1217–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Galgiani JN, Catanzaro A, Cloud GA, et al. Comparison of oral fluconazole and itraconazole for progressive, nonmeningeal coccidioidomycosis. A randomized, double-blind trial. Mycoses Study Group. Ann Intern Med. 2000;133(9):676–86.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Proia LA, Tenorio AR. Successful use of voriconazole for treatment of Coccidioides meningitis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004;48(6):2341.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Prabhu RM, Bonnell M, Currier BL, et al. Successful treatment of disseminated nonmeningeal coccidioidomycosis with voriconazole. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;39(7):e74–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Cortez KJ, Walsh TJ, Bennett JE. Successful treatment of coccidioidal meningitis with voriconazole. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;36(12):1619–22.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Anstead GM, Corcoran G, Lewis J, et al. Refractory coccidioidomycosis treated with posaconazole. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;40(12):1770–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Catanzaro A, Cloud GA, Stevens DA, et al. Safety, tolerance, and efficacy of posaconazole therapy in patients with nonmeningeal disseminated or chronic pulmonary coccidioidomycosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;45(5):562–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Stevens DA, Rendon A, Gaona-Flores V, et al. Posaconazole therapy for chronic refractory coccidioidomycosis. Chest. 2007;132(3):952–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Galgiani JN, Catanzaro A, Cloud GA, et al. Fluconazole therapy for coccidioidal meningitis. The NIAID-Mycoses Study Group. Ann Intern Med. 1993;119(1):28–35.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Tucker RM, Denning DW, Dupont B, et al. Itraconazole therapy for chronic coccidioidal meningitis. Ann Intern Med. 1990;112(2):108–12.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Dewsnup DH, Galgiani JN, Graybill JR, et al. Is it ever safe to stop azole therapy for Coccidioides immitis meningitis? Ann Intern Med. 1996;124(3):305–10.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Antony SJ, Dummer SJ, McNeil KK, et al. Coccidioidomycosis in Renal Transplant Recipients. Infect Dis Clin Pract. 2005;13(5):250–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Gnann JW Jr, Bressler GS, Bodet CA 3rd, et al. Human blastomycosis after a dog bite. Ann Intern Med. 1983;98(1):48–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Gauthier GM, Safdar N, Klein BS, et al. Blastomycosis in solid organ transplant recipients. Transpl Infect Dis. 2007;9(4):310–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Grim SA, Proia L, Miller R, et al. A multicenter study of histoplasmosis and blastomycosis after solid organ transplantation. Transpl Infect Dis. 2012;14(1):17–23.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Bariola JR, Perry P, Pappas PG, et al. Blastomycosis of the central nervous system: a multicenter review of diagnosis and treatment in the modern era. Clin Infect Dis. 2010;50(6):797–804.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Martynowicz MA, Prakash UB. Pulmonary blastomycosis: an appraisal of diagnostic techniques. Chest. 2002;121(3):768–73.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Klein BS, Kuritsky JN, Chappell WA, et al. Comparison of the enzyme immunoassay, immunodiffusion, and complement fixation tests in detecting antibody in human serum to the A antigen of Blastomyces dermatitidis. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1986;133(1):144–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Bradsher RW, Pappas PG. Detection of specific antibodies in human blastomycosis by enzyme immunoassay. South Med J. 1995;88(12):1256–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Bariola JR, Hage CA, Durkin M, et al. Detection of Blastomyces dermatitidis antigen in patients with newly diagnosed blastomycosis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2011;69(2):187–91.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Durkin M, Witt J, Lemonte A, et al. Antigen assay with the potential to aid in diagnosis of blastomycosis. J Clin Microbiol. 2004;42(10):4873–5.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  73. Connolly P, Hage CA, Bariola JR, et al. Blastomyces dermatitidis antigen detection by quantitative enzyme immunoassay. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2012;19(1):53–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  74. Bialek R, Cirera AC, Herrmann T, et al. Nested PCR assays for detection of Blastomyces dermatitidis DNA in paraffin-embedded canine tissue. J Clin Microbiol. 2003;41(1):205–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  75. Chapman SW, Dismukes WE, Proia LA, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of blastomycosis: 2008 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;46(12):1801–12.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Dismukes WE, Bradsher RW Jr, Cloud GC, et al. Itraconazole therapy for blastomycosis and histoplasmosis. NIAID Mycoses Study Group. Am J Med. 1992;93(5):489–97.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Pappas PG, Bradsher RW, Kauffman CA, et al. Treatment of blastomycosis with higher doses of fluconazole. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group. Clin Infect Dis. 1997;25(2):200–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Pappas PG, Bradsher RW, Chapman SW, et al. Treatment of blastomycosis with fluconazole: a pilot study. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group. Clin Infect Dis. 1995;20(2):267–71.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Bakleh M, Aksamit AJ, Tleyjeh IM, et al. Successful treatment of cerebral blastomycosis with voriconazole. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;40(9):e69–71.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Borgia SM, Fuller JD, Sarabia A, et al. Cerebral blastomycosis: a case series incorporating voriconazole in the treatment regimen. Med Mycol. 2006;44(7):659–64.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Proia LA, Harnisch DO. Successful use of posaconazole for treatment of blastomycosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2012;56(7):4029.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  82. Blotta MH, Mamoni RL, Oliveira SJ, et al. Endemic regions of paracoccidioidomycosis in Brazil: a clinical and epidemiologic study of 584 cases in the southeast region. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1999;61(3):390–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Zavascki AP, Bienardt JC, Severo LC. Paracoccidioidomycosis in organ transplant recipient: case report. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2004;46(5):279–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Shikanai-Yasuda MA, Duarte MI, Nunes DF, et al. Paracoccidioidomycosis in a renal transplant recipient. J Med Vet Mycol. 1995;33(6):411–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Sugar AM, Restrepo A, Stevens DA. Paracoccidioidomycosis in the immunosuppressed host: report of a case and review of the literature. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1984;129(2):340–2.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. de Camargo ZP. Serology of paracoccidioidomycosis. Mycopathologia. 2008;165(4–5):289–302.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. da Silva SH, Grosso Dde M, Lopes JD, et al. Detection of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis gp70 circulating antigen and follow-up of patients undergoing antimycotic therapy. J Clin Microbiol. 2004;42(10):4480–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Chan YH, Wong KM, Lee KC, et al. Pneumonia and mesenteric lymphadenopathy caused by disseminated Penicillium marneffei infection in a cadaveric renal transplant recipient. Transpl Infect Dis. 2004;6(1):28–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Lin JN, Lin HH, Lai CH, et al. Renal transplant recipient infected with Penicillium marneffei. Lancet Infect Dis. 2010;10(2):138.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Wang JL, Hung CC, Chang SC, et al. Disseminated Penicillium marneffei infection in a renal-transplant recipient successfully treated with liposomal amphotericin B. Transplantation. 2003;76(7):1136–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Hart J, Dyer JR, Clark BM, et al. Travel-related disseminated Penicillium marneffei infection in a renal transplant patient. Transpl Infect Dis. 2012;14(4):434–9. Epub 2011 Dec 20.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Gullberg RM, Quintanilla A, Levin ML, et al. Sporotrichosis: recurrent cutaneous, articular, and central nervous system infection in a renal transplant recipient. Rev Infect Dis. 1987;9(2):369–75.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Agarwal SK, Tiwari SC, Dash SC, et al. Urinary sporotrichosis in a renal allograft recipient. Nephron. 1994;66(4):485.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Kauffman CA, Bustamante B, Chapman SW, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of sporotrichosis: 2007 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;45(10):1255–65.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University Hospital of South Manchester, University of Manchester, Department of Medicine, Manchester, UK

    Pascalis Vergidis

  2. Indiana University School of Medicine, Pulmonary-Critical Care, Thoracic Transplantation Program, Methodist Professional Center-2, Indianapolis, IN, USA

    Chadi A. Hage

  3. MiraVista Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN, USA

    L. Joseph Wheat

Authors
  1. Pascalis Vergidis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Chadi A. Hage
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. L. Joseph Wheat
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to L. Joseph Wheat .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Clinical Associate Professor of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, TX, USA

    Amar Safdar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Vergidis, P., Hage, C.A., Wheat, L.J. (2019). Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, and Diseases Due to Other Endemic Fungi in Transplant Recipients. In: Safdar, A. (eds) Principles and Practice of Transplant Infectious Diseases. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9034-4_36

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9034-4_36

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-9032-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-9034-4

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation