Abstract
This chapter reviews the wide spectrum of cutaneous nerve sheath tumors. The vast majority are benign tumors, including neurofibromas, schwannomas, perineuriomas, granular cell tumors, and various neuroma subtypes. Malignant granular cell tumor, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, and Ewing sarcoma, a malignant neuroectodermal tumor, are also rarely encountered in the skin. Diagnostic criteria and practical considerations are emphasized.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Change history
11 April 2019
The original version of Chapter 10 was inadvertently published with one author name “Steven D. Billings” instead of two author names Youran Zou and Steven D. Billings. The chapter has been now updated.
Selected References
Abbas O, Bhawan J. Cutaneous plexiform lesions. J Cutan Pathol. 2010;37(6):613–23.
Allison KH, Patel RM, Goldblum JR, Rubin BP. Superficial malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor: a rare and challenging diagnosis. Am J Clin Pathol. 2005;124(5):685–92.
Avninder S, Ramesh V, Vermani S. Benign nerve sheath myxoma (myxoid neurothekeoma) in the leg. Dermatol Online J. 2007;13(2):14.
Erstine EM, Ko JS, Rubin BP, McKenney JK, Goldblum JR, Billings SD. Broadening the anatomic landscape of sclerosing perineurioma: A series of 5 cases in nonacral sites. Am J Dermatopathol. 2016 Nov 11. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed.
Evans HL. Sporadic superficial diffuse neurofibromas with repeated local recurrence over many years and a tendency toward malignant change: a report of 3 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2013;37(7):987–94.
Fanburg-Smith JC, Meis-Kindblom JM, Fante R, Kindblom LG. Malignant granular cell tumor of soft tissue: diagnostic criteria and clinicopathologic correlation. Am J Surg Pathol. 1998;22(7):779–94.
Fletcher CD, Theaker JM. Digital pacinian neuroma: a distinctive hyperplastic lesion. Histopathology. 1989;15(3):249–56.
Fletcher CD, Davies SE, McKee PH. Cellular schwannoma: a distinct pseudosarcomatous entity. Histopathology. 1987;11(1):21–35.
Fox MD, Billings SD, Gleason BC, Thomas AB, Cibull TL. Cutaneous meningioma: a potential diagnostic pitfall in p63 positive cutaneous neoplasms. J Cutan Pathol. 2013;40(10):891–5.
Goldblum JR, Beals TF, Weiss SW. Neuroblastoma-like neurilemoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 1994;18(3):266–73.
Hart J, Gardner JM, Edgar M, Weiss SW. Epithelioid schwannomas: an analysis of 58 cases including atypical variants. Am J Surg Pathol. 2016;40(5):704–13.
Hornick JL, Fletcher CD. Soft tissue perineurioma: clinicopathologic analysis of 81 cases including those with atypical histologic features. Am J Surg Pathol. 2005;29(7):845–58.
Hornick JL, Bundock EA, Fletcher CD. Hybrid schwannoma/perineurioma: clinicopathologic analysis of 42 distinctive benign nerve sheath tumors. Am J Surg Pathol. 2009;33(10):1554–61.
Kacerovska D, Michal M, Kazakov DV. Hybrid Epithelioid Schwannoma/Perineurioma. Am J Dermatopathol. 2016;38(7):e90–2.
Kaku Y, Fukumoto T, Louise Opada G, Anan T, Kimura T. A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 7 cases of sclerosing perineurioma. Am J Dermatopathol. 2015;37(2):122–8.
Kao GF, Laskin WB, Olsen TG. Solitary cutaneous plexiform neurilemmoma (schwannoma): a clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study of 11 cases. Mod Pathol. 1989;2(1):20–6.
Koutlas IG, Scheithauer BW. Palisaded encapsulated (“solitary circumscribed”) neuroma of the oral cavity: a review of 55 cases. Head Neck Pathol. 2010;4(1):15–26.
Lisle A, Jokinen C, Argenyi Z. Cutaneous pseudoglandular schwannoma: a case report of an unusual histopathologic variant. Am J Dermatopathol. 2011;33(5):e63–5.
Lupton JR, Epps RE, Figueroa P, Kupiec A, Sulica VI. Plexiform neurofibroma with massive hand involvement. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2000;43(6):1136–7.
Luzar B, Falconieri G. Cutaneous malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. Surg Pathol Clin. 2017;10(2):337–43.
Luzar B, Tanaka M, Schneider J, Calonje E. Cutaneous microcystic/reticular schwannoma: a poorly recognized entity. J Cutan Pathol. 2016;43(2):93–100.
Macarenco RS, Ellinger F, Oliveira AM. Perineurioma: a distinctive and underrecognized peripheral nerve sheath neoplasm. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2007;131(4):625–36.
Machado I, Cruz J, Lavernia J, Llombart-Bosch A. Solitary, multiple, benign, atypical, or malignant: the “Granular Cell Tumor” puzzle. Virchows Arch. 2016;468(5):527–38.
Miedema JR, Zedek D. Cutaneous meningioma. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2012;136(2):208–11.
Noonan VL, Greene DJ, Brodsky G, Kabani SP. Extraneural sclerosing perineurioma of the buccal mucosa: a case report and clinicopathologic review. Head Neck Pathol. 2010;4(2):169–73.
Pérez-González YC, Pagura L, Llamas-Velasco M, Cortes-Lambea L, Kutzner H, Requena L. Primary cutaneous malignant granular cell tumor: an immunohistochemical study and review of the literature. Am J Dermatopathol. 2015;37(4):334–40.
Robson AM, Calonje E. Cutaneous perineurioma: a poorly recognized tumour often misdiagnosed as epithelioid histiocytoma. Histopathology. 2000;37(4):332–9.
Rodríguez-Peralto JL, Riveiro-Falkenbach E, Carrillo R. Benign cutaneous neural tumors. Semin Diagn Pathol. 2013;30(1):45–57.
Rubin AI, Yassaee M, Johnson W, Elenitsas R, Zaladonis J Jr, Seykora JT. Multiple cutaneous sclerosing perineuriomas: an extensive presentation with involvement of the bilateral upper extremities. J Cutan Pathol. 2009;36(Suppl 1):60–5.
Sheth S, Li X, Binder S, Dry SM. Differential gene expression profiles of neurothekeomas and nerve sheath myxomas by microarray analysis. Mod Pathol. 2011;24(3):343–54.
Suchak R, Luzar B, Bacchi CE, Maguire B, Calonje E. Cutaneous neuroblastoma-like schwannoma: a report of two cases, one with a plexiform pattern, and a review of the literature. J Cutan Pathol. 2010;37(9):997–1001.
Sundarkrishnan L, Bradish JR, Oliai BR, Hosler GA. Cutaneous cellular pseudoglandular schwannoma: an unusual histopathologic variant. Am J Dermatopathol. 2016;38(4):315–8.
Thomas C, Somani N, Owen LG, Malone JC, Billings SD. Cutaneous malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. J Cutan Pathol. 2009;36(8):896–900.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Zou, Y., Billings, S.D. (2019). Nerve Sheath and Related Tumors. In: Billings, S., Patel, R., Buehler, D. (eds) Soft Tissue Tumors of the Skin. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8812-9_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8812-9_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-8810-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-8812-9
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)