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Effects of Anthropogenic Noise on Animals pp 83–107Cite as

Characteristics of Temporary and Permanent Threshold Shifts in Vertebrates

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Part of the book series: Springer Handbook of Auditory Research ((SHAR,volume 66))

Abstract

Studies of noise-induced threshold shift to acoustic over exposure, conducted in the laboratory, employ a simple and rigorous paradigm. First, hearing is measured usually as a series of thresholds for pure tones distributed throughout the range of hearing. Then the subject is exposed to a loud sound, after which estimates of threshold are repeated. A difference between the pre- and postthreshold values represents the consequences of the sound exposure. From this approach, much is known about the effects of intense sound exposure on hearing. This chapter reviews the data on temporary and permanent threshold shifts. Examples of noise-induced threshold shift (NITS) are drawn from the extensive animal literature obtained from a mammal (chinchilla) and several avian (budgerigar and chicken chick) species. The conclusions from these examples is that when the parameters of exposure are well characterized and thresholds carefully determined, a set of reliable and valid observations on the magnitude and duration of NITS emerge. Most importantly, certain aspects of hearing loss appear to be consistent across species. Given that a set of repeatable patterns of NITS are known, it is suggested that meaningful predictions can be made on the susceptibility of hearing loss in wild animals exposed to noise in natural environments. This suggestion assumes that the parameters of the exposure such as the sound pressure level and duration are reasonably well-known. The validity of these estimates has limitations and these are also considered.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    James C. Saunders

  2. Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA

    Robert J. Dooling

Authors
  1. James C. Saunders
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  2. Robert J. Dooling
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Correspondence to Robert J. Dooling .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology Leiden (IBL), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands

    Hans Slabbekoorn

  2. Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA

    Robert J. Dooling

  3. Department of Biology, University of Maryland, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA

    Arthur N. Popper

  4. Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA

    Richard R. Fay

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Saunders, J.C., Dooling, R.J. (2018). Characteristics of Temporary and Permanent Threshold Shifts in Vertebrates. In: Slabbekoorn, H., Dooling, R., Popper, A., Fay, R. (eds) Effects of Anthropogenic Noise on Animals. Springer Handbook of Auditory Research, vol 66. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8574-6_4

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