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A Role for the Cerebellum in Language and Related Cognitive and Affective Functions

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Neural Mechanisms of Language

Part of the book series: Innovations in Cognitive Neuroscience ((Innovations Cogn.Neuroscience))

Abstract

At the beginning of the twentieth century, several authors defined the role of the cerebellum as a modulator of motor functions including diadochokinesia, tonus, coordination, and motor speech production (Babinski 1902; Luciani 1891; Holmes 1922). Although from time to time clinical case descriptions and experimental evidence from animal studies dating back to the early part of the nineteenth century suggested an association between cerebellar pathology and a variety of nonmotor cognitive and affective dysfunctions, a causal relationship remained unexplored and was dismissed for several decades. During the past three decades converging evidence from a wealth of neuroanatomical, neuroimaging, and clinical studies has unambiguously demonstrated that the cerebellum is also involved in cognitive, affective and linguistic processing. Neuroanatomical studies revealed that the cerebellum is closely linked in a reciprocal way to the autonomic, limbic, and associative regions of the supratentorial cortex (for a review, see Schmahmann 2004). In addition, cortical areas send information to the cerebellum via the basilar pons (Schmahmann and Pandyat 1997), and deep cerebellar nuclei send information back to the cortical association areas through dentatothalamic pathways (Middleton and Strick 1997) (Fig. 9.1).

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Refers to all of the cerebral cortex lying above and anterior to the tentorium cerebelli. It is that part of the dura that ‘tents’ the cerebellum on its superior surface separating it from the inferior occipital cortex.

  2. 2.

    Diaschisis, a concept introduced at the beginning of the twentieth century by Constantin Von Monakow, stands for the distant functional impact of a brain lesion on an anatomically connected and structurally intact brain region. Depressed function of this intact region is considered to result from a decrease or loss of excitatory impulses from the anatomically connected, lesioned area.

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Acknowledgments

The author would like to thank Kim van Dun, Hyo-Jung De Smet, Philippe Paquier, and Jo Verhoeven who contributed to parts of this chapter.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical and Experimental Neurolinguistics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium

    Peter Mariën

  2. Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Ziekenhuis Netwerk Antwerpen – Middelheim, Antwerp, Belgium

    Peter Mariën

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Correspondence to Peter Mariën .

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  1. Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA

    Maria Mody

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Mariën, P. (2017). A Role for the Cerebellum in Language and Related Cognitive and Affective Functions. In: Mody, M. (eds) Neural Mechanisms of Language. Innovations in Cognitive Neuroscience. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7325-5_9

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